IB PHYSICS Topic 6: Circular Motion and Gravitation

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21 Terms

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Axis of rotation

The line in space around which an object rotates.

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Polar coordinates

A coordinate system that uses the distance from a point to an axis of rotation (r) and the angle between the position vector and the x-axis (θ) to define the position of a point in circular motion.

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Angular velocity

The rate at which the angle of rotation changes over time.

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Angular acceleration

The rate at which the angular velocity changes over time.

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Centripetal acceleration

The acceleration of an object moving in a circle, directed towards the center of the circle.

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Tangential acceleration

The acceleration of an object moving in a circle, directed along the tangent to the circle.

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Centripetal force

The force that causes an object to move in a circular path, directed towards the center of the circle.

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Centrifugal force

An apparent force that seems to push objects away from the center of rotation in a rotating frame of reference.

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Newtonian Synthesis

The unification of the physics governing celestial and terrestrial objects, applying the same physical laws to both.

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Law of Gravity

Newton's law that states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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Kepler's Laws

Three laws of planetary motion discovered by Johannes Kepler, describing the path and motion of planets around the Sun.

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Gravitational field

A region in which an object with mass experiences a force due to gravity.

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Gravitational Field Strength

The measure of the gravitational force experienced by an object per unit mass.

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Variations in Gravitational Field

Anomalies or deviations in the strength of the gravitational field within a specific area, which can be caused by geological features, underground structures, or other factors.

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Instrumentation and Methodology

Details regarding the equipment or instruments used to measure the gravitational field, such as gravimeters, accelerometers, or specialized devices.

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Temporal Variations

Observations or measurements related to how the gravitational field strength changes over time, which can be influenced by factors like tides, seasonal variations, or other phenomena.

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Comparisons with Known Data

Comparing collected data with existing records or models of the gravitational field for the same region to validate measurements and identify any discrepancies.

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Potential Applications

Speculation or discussion on how the observed gravitational field might impact various applications, such as geophysics, navigation, or space exploration.

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Other Pertinent Observations

Additional relevant observations that might affect or be affected by the local gravitational field, including phenomena like subsidence, seismic activity, or magnetic anomalies.

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Force of Gravity

The force experienced by an object with mass (m) due to the gravitational field, which is equal to the product of mass and gravitational field strength (F = mg).

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Gravitational Field Lines

Representations of force fields, including the gravitational field, using lines to depict the direction and strength of the field.