anatomy heart

ischemia

lack of blood flow through an organ

systole

contract phase, pressure increases

diastole

relax phase, filling phase

depolarize

electrical activity/stimulate

repolarize

reversal of electrical activity, relax

cardiac output

volume pumped by vents per minute, HR x SV

stroke volume

mL of blood pumped per heartbeat (ventricle contraction)

beta adrenergic receptors

respond to adrenaline (sympathetic)

parasympathetic system

neuros release acetylcholine neurotransmitter = slows HR and contraction force

left vent contracts

pressure passed to aorta wall muscle, distends/bulges (90-120 mmHg) = SYSTOLIC

left vent relaxes

aorta recoils on blood, pushes flow = diastole (60-80 mmHg)

sphygmomanometer

cuff closes artery, as pressure released, BP overcomes the cuff = artery opens

SOUND/korotkoff

systole reading… once sound stops - diastolic pressure reading

BP influenced by ?

epinephrine, T3

compliance

how easy a vessel stretches

atherosclerosis

reduce it (coronary artery disease)

myocardial infarction

ischemia/block of blood and oxygen to myocardium —> necrosis (death)

perfuse

volume of blood that flows through tissues per minute

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

manually compress blood in heart to push some into the pulmonary & systemic circuits

cyanosis

turn blue because no oxygen

dyspnea

difficult breathing

heart rate

BPM, average 75

CO

cardiac output

semilunars

exits with three flaps, pulmonary and aortic valves

atria contract

HI pressure pushes AV valves OPEN, blood flows into vents HI to LO

chordae tendineae

stabilize valves, only open 1 way

as vents relax…

pressure drops in them = pulmonary and aortic valve close (sound: dup S2)

reperfusion

blood flowing again in an organ

angina

chest pain

anastomosis

combine openings

all O2 poor blood

right atrium

epicardium

lays over heart, made of simple squamous cells (mesothelium)

fibrous pericardium

sac enclosing heart

cardioversion

procedure where an arrhythmia is converted to a normal sinus rhythm (heart beat) 

gap junctions

atrial contract, intercalated disks

rheumatic heart disease

strep infection, migrates to mitral valve, inflames, becomes stenotic

valve prolapse

valve opens backward

murmur

abnormal sound

heart failure

pumping weakens, myocardium enlarges, stretches as tries to compensate for poor cardiac output

arrhythmia 

lack normal rhythm

tachycardia

too fast

bradycardia

too slow

effusion

fluid build up within pericardial sac

palpate

touch

palpitation

racing heart

auscultation

listen

echo

ultrasound of heart

coronary angiography

use contrast dye to observe arteries under x - ray

catheterization/balloon angioplasty

thin tube & balloon to clear blockage

gonads

need cholesterol for steroid hormones

nitroglycerin

vasodilator = BP down