VET*109 quiz 2 Anatomical planes/terms
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47 Terms
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Median plane
plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
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Sagittal plane
divides the body into unequal left and right halves
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Dorsal plane
the plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
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Transverse plane
the plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts
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Anterior
towards the front of the body
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Posterior
towards the rear of the body
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Rostral
towards the nose end of the head
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Medial
towards the midline
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Lateral
away from the midline
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Proximal
nearest the midline
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Distal
farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of the structure
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Dorsal
towards the back
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Ventral
towards the belly or underside
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Superficial
towards the surface
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Deep
away from the surface
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Cranial
towards the head
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Cranial (limbs)
above the carpus and tarsus that face toward the head
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Caudal
towards the tail
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Caudal (limbs)
above the carpus and tarsus that face toward the tail
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Palmar
caudal surface of the front paw including the carpus
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Plantar
caudal surface of hind paw including the tarsus
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Thoracic cavity
hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm
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Abdominal cavity
hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion between the diaphragm and the pelvic cavity
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Pelvic cavity
the hollow space that contains reproductive and some excretory system organs formed by the pelvic bones
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Peritoneum
membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in the area
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Parietal peritoneum
the outer layer of peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
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Visceral peritoneum
the inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs
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Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
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Mesentery
the layer of peritoneum that suspends the intestines and some of the abdominal cavity
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Dorsal recumbency
lying on the back
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Ventral recumbency
lying on the belly
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Left lateral recumbency
lying on left side
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Right lateral recumbency
lying on the right side
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Adduction
movement towards the midline
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Abduction
movement away from the midline
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Flexion
closure of a joint angle or reduction of the angle between the bones
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Extension
straightening of a joint or increase in the angle between the bones
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Hyperflexion
a joint is flexed too far
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Hyperextension
a joint is extended too far
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Rotation
a circular movement around an axis
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Congenital
genetic defect that’s present at birth
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Anomaly
a deviation from what’s regarded as normal
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Aplasia
lack or development of an organ or tissue or cell
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Hypoplasia
incomplete or less than normal development of an organ/issue/cell
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Hyperplasia
abnormal increase in the number of cells in normal arrangement in an organ/tissue/cell.. cells appear normal under microscope
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Dysplasia
abnormal growth or development of an organ/tissue/cell.. cells appear abnormal under microscope
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Anaplasia
change in the structure of cells and their orientation to eachother
Note 
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