History of Graphic Design - Printing Press & Renaissance

Venice

epicenter of renaissance graphic design

Italian Renaissance Book Design

titles, florals, ornaments, roman/italic, layout

Aldus Manutius

italic, pocket book (Virgil's Opera), Aldine Press

Claude Garamond

Sold cast type directly to printers.

Claude Garamond

Helped eliminate Gothic type repertoire.

Erhard Ratdolt

Calendarium

Calendarium...

Scientific book, solar/lunar eclipse. First tipped in artwork.

Geoffroy Tory

Renaissance man. Greatest French influencer.

Geoffroy Tory

Introduced apostrophe, accent, cedilla to france.

Geoffroy Tory

Champ Fleury

Pierre Simon Fournier

Standardized type measurement. Typefamilies.

Louis Simmoneau

Romain du Roi

Transitional Roman Type

Contrast between strokes and serif.

William Caslon

Caslon Old Style

William Playfair

Scottish. Line (fever) chart, Commericial and Political Atlas.

Francois Ambroise Didot

Point system. 72 = 1"

Pierre Didot

Stereotyping process

William Blake

Romantic poet, illustrator, and type designer. Contrast w/ Giambattista Bodoni and Pierre Didot.

Fat Face

Robert Thorne

Antique/Egyptian

William Caslon IV

Sans serif

William Caslon IV. Named by Vincent Figgins.

3D fonts

Vincent Figgins

Wood type posters

Limited type, varied styles.

Stanhope Printing Press

All iron parts. Faster, cheaper printing.

Joseph Niepce

First Photograph from Nature.

Louis Jacques Daguerre

Friend/competitor of Niepce.

Daguerrotype

Sharp, one-of-a-kind, slow

William Henry Fox Talbot

First photo negative.

Calotype

Kalos Typos "beautiful impression"

Calotypes

unlimited photos, makes photoprocess printing plates

Julia Margaret Cameron

Revealed inner being of subject

Matthew Brady

Civil War photographer. Helped public understand the cost of war.

Eadweard Muybridge

Recorded sequences in time. Basis of motion pictures.

Toy books

Preschool books. Kids were not mini adults.

Randolph Caldecott

Humorous drawing style inspired children's books and Disney.

Kate Greenaway

Influence on children's fasihion and textiles. Less cluttered layout.

Thomas Nast

Harper's weekly. Santa, Uncle Sam, the political animals.

Owen Jones

English designer. Published (popular) The Grammar of Ornament.

Lithography

Grease pencil on stone.

John H. Bufford & Sons

Rendered image with color.

William Morris

Leader of the English Arts and Crafts Movement.

William Morris

Work through Kelmscott Press led to book design upgrade.

William Morris

Designed types: Chaucer, Troy, and Golden (insp. Nicolas Jensen's venetian roman faces)

Century Guild

Arthur H. Mackmurdo, Selwyn Image. Goal to elevate design arts = painting/sculpture

Arthur H. Mackmurdo

Who's interest in Renaissance, Japanese, and botanical design bridged Arts/Crafts and Art Nouveau

Century Guild Hobby Horse

First periodical w/ British Arts and Crafts viewpoint. Printing is serious.

Private Press Movement

led by the Kelmscott, Doves, and Essex House Presses. Printing is a serious design form.

William Addison Dwiggins

Coined, "graphic designer."

Art Nouveau

Japanese design, rococo, and celtic ornaments. Metaphysical > realism.

Jules Cheret

Father of the modern poster. Self assured modern "Cherettes" inspired women.

Theophile Auguste Steinlein

Cats. Social realism poster. Designer and family man.

Alphonse Mucha

Czechoslavakian designer working in Paris. Last minute rush poster job for Sarah Bernhardt.

Heri de Toulouse-Lautrec

journalistic, illustrative night life in paris.

Jugend

Art nouveau magazine from Germany. New artist, new cover, different logo.

The Glasgow School

Charles Rennie Mackintosh, J. Herbet Mcnair, Margaret and Frances Macdonald.

The Glasgow School

Symbolic imagery; flat color.

Ver Sacrum

Periodical from Vienna Secession movement. Design lab but Secession designers for ads only.

Edward Johnston

English calligrapher. Exclusive sans-serif for world's first electric railway in London.

Peter Behrens

German artist, architect, writer, and designer. First "industrial designer," sans-serif book text, and VisID for AEG.

Nicolas Jenson

mark for the society of Venetian Printers

Erhard Ratdolt

Calendarium

Geoffroy Tory

Champ Fleury

Johann Oporinus

Construction of the Human Body

Louis Simmoneau

master alphabets for the Romain du Roi

John Baskerville

title for Vergil's Pastorials, Farming, and Aeneis

William Playfair

Commercial and Political Atlas

Pierre Didot

pages from Vergil's Pastorials, Farming and Aneis

Wood Type Poster

Handbill for an Excursion Train

Joseph Niepce

the first photograph from nature

William Henry Fox Talbot

print from the first photographic negative

William Henry Fox Talbot

pages from The Pencil of Nature

Julia Margaret Cameron

Sir John Herschel

Matthew Brady

Dunker Church and the Dead

Eadward Muybridge

The Horse in Motion

William Henry Fox Talbot

The Pencil of Nature

Randolph Caldecott

Hey Diddle Diddle

Charles Dana Gibson

poster for Scribner's

Howard Pyle

The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood

Arthur H. Mackmurdo

Wren's City Churches

Selwyn Image

title page to The Century Guild Hobby Horse

William Moris (designer) & Walter Crane (illustrator)

The Story of the Glittering Plain

William Morris

illustrated page from the Works of Geoffrey Chaucer

C. H. St. John Hornby

spread from Saint Francis of Assisi's Legend

Lucien and Esther Pissaro

spread from Isthar's Descent to the Nether World

Jan van Krimpen

pages from Derdre and the Sons of Usnach

Jules Cheret

poster L'Aureole du Midi

Jules Cheret

poster Masked Ball

Aubrey Beardsley

Salome

Alphonse Mucha

Gismonda poster

Will Bradley

The Chap Book

Henri van De Velde

title pages for Also Sprach Zarathustra

Otto Eckmann

Jugend cover

Margaret Macdonald

Bookplate Design

Koloman Moser

Early Spring illustration

Afred Roller

Vienna Secession Exhibition poster

Peter Behrens

Documents of Modern Applied Arts Book Cover

Peter Behrens

AEG Electric Lamp Poster

Peter Behrens

Deutsche Werkbund Exhibition Poster