Clinical Pharmacology 1: Block 1 Drug List

Bethanachol Mechanism of action

Muscarinic agonist at receptor in the bladder

Bethanachol Primary Indication

Urinary Retention

Bethanachol Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Cholinergic side effects b

Pilocarpine Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic agonist at muscarinic receptor in the eye and salivary glands

Pilocarpine Primary Indication

Treats Glaucoma

Used as a treatment for dry mouth

Pilocarpine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Cholinergic side effects p

Edrophonium Mechanism of Action

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that acts primarily on skeletal muscle

Edrophonium Primary Indication

Used as treatment of myasthenia gravis(also as a diagnostic test for this disease)

Used a reversal agent for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

Edrophonium Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Cholinergic side effects when given in excess (too much Ach around!!)

Pralidoxime Mechanism of Action

Reactivates cholinesterase (does this in case of organophosphate poisoning by breaking acetylcholisterase bond with the organophosphate molecule)

Pralidoxime Primary Indication

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning

Pralidoxime Side Effects/Notable Aspects

None (that we need to memorize)

Donepezil Mechanism of Action

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that acts primarily in the CNS

Donepezil Primary Indication

Alzheimer's

Donepezil Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Cholinergic side effects don

Atropine Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic antagonist at muscarinic receptors in the heart

Also acts as muscarinic antagonist at multiple other target organs in body as treatment of symptoms of organophosphate poisoning (where too much Ach is around)

Atropine Primary Indication

Bradycardia

Treats parasympathetic symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

Atropine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Anticholinergic side effects atr

Hycosamine Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic antagonist at muscarinic receptors stomach and lungs

Hycosamine Primary Indication

Reduces bronchial and pharyngeal secretions

Also reduces hydrochloride acid production to treat peptic ulcer disease

Hycosamine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Anticholinergic side effects hy

Scopolamine Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic antagonist at muscarinic receptors in salivary glands and bronchials

Scopolamine Primary Indication

Drooling (treats excessive salivary gland secretion)

Scopolamine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Anticholinergic side effects, typically given as a patch formulation

Glycopyrrolate Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic antagonist at muscarinic receptors in salivary glands

Glycopyrrolate Primary Indication

Drooling (treats excessive salivary gland secretion)

-limits secretions

Glycopyrrolate Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Anticholinergic side effects gly

Ipratropium Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic antagonist at muscarinic receptors in the lungs

Ipratropium Primary Indication

Asthma/COPD to treat wheezing

Ipratropium Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Anticholinergic side effects ip

Oxybutynin Mechanism of Action

Muscarinic antagonist at muscarinic receptors in the bladder

Oxybutynin Primary Indication

Urinary incontinence, overactive bladder

Oxybutynin Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Anticholinergic side effects ox

Pancuronium and Cisatracurium Mechanism of Action

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (competitive antagonist at nicotinic receptors)

Pancuronium and Cisatracurium Primary Indication

Skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation

Pancuronium and Cisatracurium Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Effects can be reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Succinylcholine Mechanism of Action

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker at nicotinic receptors (it is technically an agonist because it attaches the Acetylcholine receptor causing depolarization. However, the EFFECT of persistent depolarization is paralysis of the skeletal muscle

Succinylcholine Primary Indication

Skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation

Succinylcholine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Effects cannot be reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Norepinephrine Mechanism of Action

Alpha-1 agonist

Norepinephrine Primary Indication

Hypotension and shock

Hypotension not responsive to dopamine

Norepinephrine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Can cause reflex bradycardia

Albuterol Mechanism of Action

Beta-2 agonist

Albuterol Primary Indication

Asthma

Albuterol Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Short-acting

Salmeterol Mechanism of Action

Beta-2 agonist

Salmeterol Primary Indication

Asthma

Salmeterol Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Long-acting

Clonidine Mechanism of Action

Activation of alpha-2 receptors in the central nervous system decreasing sympathetic outflow to the heart and vascular smooth muscle

Clonidine Primary Indication

Hypertension, anxiety

Clonidine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

None cl

Phenoxybenzamine Mechanism of Action

Non-competitive Alpha-1 and alpha-2 antagonist

Phenoxybenzamine Primary Indication

Hypertension in pheochromocytoma

Phenoxybenzamine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

None phe

Phentolamine Mechanism of Action

Competitive Alpha-1

and alpha-2 antagonist

Metoprolol Mechanism of Action

Beta-1 blocker

Carvedilol Mechanism of Action

Beta-1 and Beta-2 antagonist. Alpha-1 antagonist

Phentolamine Primary Indication

Hypertension in pheochromocytoma

Phentolamine Side Effects/Notable Aspects

Causes reflex tachycardia due to blockade of pre-synaptic alpha-2 receptors

Labetalol Mechanism of Action

Works as beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist and alpha-1 antagonist

Labetalol Primary Indication

hypertension

Metoprolol Side Effects/Notable Aspects

None met

Labetalol Side Effects/Notable Aspects

None lab

Metoprolol Primary Indication

Hypertension, angina, and acute myocardial infarction

Carvedilol Primary Indication

Hypertension, heart failure

Carvedilol Side Effects/Notable Aspects

None car

Epinepherine mechanism of action

Alpha-1 agonist, Beta-1agonist, and Beta-2agonist effects

Epinepherine primary indication

Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation

Epinepherine side effects

Low doses =Greater stimulation of Beta-2 over Alpha 1 receptors, decreasing diastolic blood pressure

Higher doses= Greater vasoconstricting effects in alpha-1 receptors, leading to increase in diastolic and systolic blood pressure

Dopamine mechanism of action

Alpha-1 agonist, Beta-1 agonist, and D1 agonist

Dopamine primary indication

Cardiogenic shock

Dopamine side effects

None dop

Phenylephrine mechanism of action

Alpha-1 agonist

Phenylephrine primary indication

Nasal decongestion

Phenylephrine side effects

None phy

Isoproterenol mechanism of action

Beta-1 agonist and Beta-2 agonist

Isoproterenol primary indication

AV block and bradycardia

Isoproterenol side effects

None iso

Midodrine mechanism of action

Alpha-1 agonist

Midodrine primary indication

Orthostatic hypotension

Midodrine side effects

None mid

Cocaine mechanism of action

Blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and reuptake of dopamine

Cocaine primary indication

No clinical use

Cocaine side effects

N/A

Amphetamine mechanism of action

Increase release of norepinephrine in peripheral and central nervous systems

Amphetamine primary indication

Can be used as treatment for ADHD, narcolepsy

Amphetamine side effects

Increase in heartrate and blood pressure

Metyrosine mechanism of action

Inhibits synthesis of norepinephrine

Metyrosine primary indication

Pheochromocytoma

Metyrosine side effects

None met

Mirabegron mechanism of action

Agonist at Beta-3 receptor

Mirabegron primary indication

Overactive bladder

Mirabegron side effects

None mir

Doxazosin mechanism of action

Alpha-1 antagonist

Doxazosin primary indication

Treats BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy) by relaxation of the bladder and prostatic smooth muscle

Doxazosin side effects

None dox

Atenolol mechanism of action

Beta-1 Blocker

Atenolol primary indication

Hypertension, angina, acute myocardial infarction

Atenolol side effects

None ate