NOCTI Health Assisting Study Material - Vocabulary and Definitions

What precautions are used all the time with every patient, regardless of their diagnosis?

standard precaution

Airborne precautions

used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne nuclei (PPE: n95 mask and negative pressure room)

ex. TB, varicella-chicken pox

Droplet precautions

Must be followed for a patient known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large-particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing. (PPE: mask)

ex. flu (influenza), mumps, whooping cough (pertussis)

contact precautions

practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact (PPE includes: gloves, gown, eye shields)

ex. MRSA, c-diff

Blood borne pathogens

Disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids

(HIV, HBV-hepatitis B virus)

How do you properly dispose of a soiled dressing/bandage?

biohazard bag

Sterilization

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

ex. autoclave: high pressurized steam

chemical disinfection

A chemical that destroys, neutralizes, or Inhibits the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.

sanitation

scrubbing of instruments with special brushes and detergent

aseptic

free from disease-causing microorganisms

What is the best way to prevent transmission of pathogens?

wash hands

What order is PPE removed?

gloves, goggles, gown, mask

How long do the instruments in sterile packaging received from SPD(sterile processing department) remain sterile?

30 days

What are the primary reasons for good body mechanics (ergonomics)?

prevent injuries

What muscles should be used for lifting?

leg

RACE

rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish

PASS

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

Where are needles, suture removal scissors, and scalpels disposed?

sharps containter

What is required for proper handwashing?

warm water

soap

friction

Chest compressions rate: goal/minute?

30 to 1

What is CAB?

circulation, airway, breathing

First aid for epistaxis?

The pt should sit and lean forward, applying direct pressure for 3-5 minutes

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

sheet that provides information on the safe use of and hazards of chemicals, as well as emergency steps to take in the event chemicals are splashed, sprayed, or ingested

chain of infection

infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Transvere Plane

divides body into top and bottom (superior and inferior)

frontal plane (coronal plane)

Divides the body into front and back portions (anterior and posterior)

Midsagitial plane

The plane that equally divides the body into right and left halves.

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

Body cavities

spaces within the body that contain vital organ

cranial cavity

contains the brain

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and other organs

pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

dorsal cavity

includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

distal

away from the point of attachment

medial

Toward the midline of the body

lateral

Away from the midline of the body

superior

toward the head

inferior

away from the head

abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

superfical

near the surface

abdominal quadrants

right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ)

The basic unit of life

What is a cell?

Tissue

a group of similar cells from the same source that together carry out a specific function.

organs

Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions

What is required to have proper communication?

sender, message, receiver, feedback

verbal communication

communication that uses written or spoken words

nonverbal communication

communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech

Negative nonverbal communication

-rolling eyes

-crossing arms in front of the body

-tapping feet

-pointing at someone while speaking

restatement

Expressing the same idea in different words to clarify and stress key points

Reflection (communication technique)

responding with empathy

clarification

occurs when the receiver asks questions to get a more concise explanation or to clear up any confusion about the message

nonverbal communication delivery factors

Rate, clarity, volume, pitch, tone, pauses, intonation, vocabulary, grammatical structure, pronunciation

empathy

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another

diversity

the practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds

communication barriers

obstacles to effective communication, typically defined in terms of physical, personal, enviromental, cultural

personal communication barrier

bias, prejudice, self-absorb

Physical communication barriers

Problems with hearing, vision and speech, mental challenges, current physical and mental state

enviromental communication barriers

space, noise, time

Cultural communication barriers

Language, health practices and beliefs, eye contact, and religion

symptom

subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache

sign

objective evidence of disease such as a fever

subjective findings

what the patient says (includes medical history, demographics, symptoms,)

objective findings

health provider's findings (the physical exam), including vital signs

What is the proper way to answer the telephone?

Hello this is (your name), Medical Center, how may I help you

How should you address a patient?

Mr, Mrs.

Don't call them by their first name unless they request it.

Where should you interview a patient?

in a private room (exam room)

Erikson's Stages of Development

1. Trust vs. mistrust (Birth to 12-18 months)

2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (12-18 months to 3 years)

3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 years to 5-6 years

4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5-6 years to adolescence)

5. Identity vs. role diffusion (Adolescence)

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early adulthood)

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood)

8. Ego-Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood)

Kubler-Ross stages of dying

1. Denial

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression

5. Acceptance

How is the skeletal system affected by aging?

Bones become more brittle and may break more easily

How is the integumentary system affected by aging?

Glands produce less lubrication, skin loses elasticity, loss of subcutaneous fat produces sagging, wrinkles, and line. There is an increased risk of hypothermia and hyperthermia. Skin is more sensitive to UV rays.

How is the cardiovascular system affected by aging?

changes in heart rhythm and rate

The most important rule of patient documentation:

to document everything that you have done

document right away

What are the components of a medical chart?

admission sheet, history and physical, physicians orders, nurses notes, medication record, lab record, consultation sheet, surgical and/or treatment consents, anesthesia/ surgical record

POMR

Problem Oriented Medical Records that divide records into four sections - the database, problem, treatment, and progress

SOMR

Chart notes arranged in chronological order beginning with the first visit- Source Oriented Medical Record

cardiac sys

heart, blood vessels, blood

Cardiac system function

delivers oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to the tissues and facilitates the removal of cellular metabolism waste products by way of blood flow through other body systems such as respiratory, digestive, and renal.

digestive system function

body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

digestive syste

mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectume and anus

What organ absorbs

small intestine

endocrine system

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries

endocrine s

controls growth, development, and metabolism; maintains homeostasis

Muscular System organs

muscles and tendons

types of muscles

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

muscular system function

The body system that supports the body and enables it to MOVE

skeletal system

bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

skeletal system

provides support, strength, protection, and mineral/fat storage; blood cells made in bone marrow

integumentary system organs

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands (sudoriferous), oil glands (sebaceous glands)

integumentary sys

protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information

reproductive system

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

reproductive system (male)

prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis

reproductive system

reproduction

nervous

brain, spinal cord, nerves

what is the smallest unit of the nervous system?

neuron

Nervous system function

sensory input, integration, motor output