Operating system unit 1

What is an Operating System (OS)?

An OS is software that manages computer hardware and software resources while providing essential services for programs.

What are the main functions of an Operating System?

Process Management, Memory Management, File System Management, Device Management, Security and Access Control, User Interface Management.

Fill in the blank: An Operating System acts as an __________ between the user and the computer hardware.

intermediary

What does Resource Management entail in an OS?

It involves managing CPU, memory, and input/output devices to ensure efficient resource utilization.

Define Process Management.

The OS handles the execution of processes, including scheduling, multitasking, and synchronization.

What is the purpose of Memory Management in an OS?

It manages RAM and disk storage, ensuring optimal allocation and usage.

Fill in the blank: The __________ refers to how the OS coordinates tasks and ensures they operate smoothly without interference.

Process Synchronization

What is the role of a file system in an OS?

It organizes and manages data storage, allowing users to store, access, and maintain files.

What is important for ensuring security in an OS?

Authentication, Authorization, and Data Protection.

What is a Command-Line Interface (CLI)?

A text-based interface where users type commands to interact with the operating system.

Define Multiprogramming.

A system where multiple programs are loaded in memory and executed by switching between them to optimize CPU usage.

Fill in the blank: In a __________ system, multiple users can access the system simultaneously, each having their own session.

Timesharing

What is a Batch Processing System?

An OS that executes tasks in batches without user intervention after the job submission.

What advantage does a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) provide?

It ensures tasks are executed within specific timing constraints, crucial for applications requiring timely responses.

Differentiate between Hard Real-Time and Soft Real-Time systems.

Hard Real-Time systems have strict deadlines that cannot be missed, while Soft Real-Time systems allow for some flexibility in meeting deadlines.

What is a Distributed Operating System?

An OS that manages a group of interconnected computers, making them appear as a single system to the user.

What is the primary characteristic of a Multiprocessing System?

It utilizes two or more CPUs to execute tasks simultaneously for improved performance.

Fill in the blank: __________ OS is primarily designed for handheld devices like smartphones and tablets.

Mobile

What does the term 'Resource Abstraction' refer to in OS context?

It hides low-level hardware details, enabling software to interact with virtual representations of resources.

What is the significance of Device Drivers in an operating system?

They allow the OS to communicate with hardware devices like printers and graphics cards.

What is the primary function of Security and Access Control in an OS?

To prevent unauthorized access to files and system settings.

What is a GUI?

A Graphical User Interface that allows users to interact with the system via icons and menus.

Identify one disadvantage of Time Sharing Systems.

Context switching overhead, which can impact performance.

What is the main goal of an Operating System?

To provide a stable and efficient platform for running applications.

What is the definition of Virtual Memory in an OS?

A memory management capability that allows the execution of processes that may not completely fit in physical memory.