Mood Disorders and Suicide

•Mood disorders (affective disorders)

•Defining feature = abnormal mood

•Emotional extremes

•Intense, persistent, and maladaptive disturbances

•Other symptoms or co-occurring disorders

• mania

• depression

two key moods

•Unipolar depressive disorders

•Only depressive episodes

mild, brief depression

can be normal and adaptive

sadness, hoplessness, and pessism are common human expereinces

•Bipolar depressive disorders

•Manic and depressive episodes

when depression is not mood disorder

• loss and grieving process

• postpartum blues

Persistent Depressive Disorder
(Dysthymic Disorder )

• •Mild to moderate version of depression

• •Lasts a long time

  •Intermittent normal moods occur briefly

  •Lifetime prevalence of 2.5 to 6%

Major Depressive Disorder

• diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder

  • more symptoms than are required for dysthymia

  • symptoms are more persistent

major depressive disorder specifiers

• •Major depressive episode with melancholic features

• •Severe major depressive episode with psychotic features

• •Major depressive episode with atypical features

• •Major depressive episode with catatonic features

•Persistent major depressive disorder

•Major depression does not remit for more than two years

•Seasonal affective
disorder

•Recurrent depressive episodes with a pattern

theorists of psychological factors behind depression

freud, behaviorists, cognitive model

negative cognitive triad

the self, the future, the world

theories behind psych causal factors of depression

• reformulated heplessness theory

• hopelessness theory

• excessive rumination

interpersonal effects behind psych causal factors of depression

• lack of social support or skills

• hostility and rejection from others

• marital dissatisfaction

•Bipolar disorders

Distinguished from unipolar disorders by presence of manic or hypomanic symptoms

•Cyclical mood swings

•Less severe than those of bipolar disorder

•Symptoms present for at least 2 years

•Lacking severe symptoms and psychotic features of bipolar disorder

•Bipolar I disorder

•Includes at least one manic or mixed episode

•Bipolar II disorder

•Includes hypomanic episodes but not full-blown manic or mixed episodes

Alternative Biological Treatments

• •Electroconvulsive therapy

• •Transcranial magnetic stimulation

• •Deep brain stimulation

• •Bright light therapy

Pharmacotherapy

• antidepressants, mood-stabilizing, antipsychotic durgs used to treat mood disorders

• lithium common mood stabilizer for bipolar

psychotherapy

•Cognitive-behavioral therapy

•Behavioral activation treatment

•Interpersonal therapy

•Family and marital therapy