Logical Fallacies

easier dismissal

A misinterpretation someones argument to make a(n) ________ or opposition.

fallacy

It is a(n) ________ when one side of the argument is worse by making comments or threats to prove your argument.

Ad hominem arguments

________ are when a persons character or past is attacked rather than using a reasonable claim.

Fallacious

________- the ________ is certain to lead to a devastating conclusion.

Fallacious

the fallacy is certain to lead to a devastating conclusion

Reasonable

the fallacy could lead to a devastating conclusion

Example

it seems like you've been spending lot of money

Oversimplified

Great reduction of details which gives the false impression that one reason is the only reason for the result.

Stacking the deck

When writers only show one side of the story, usually one that they favor over the other

Dogmatism

Someone making an argument believes that their positions are absolutely true
Ignore the possibility that they could be wrong

Hasty generalization

Making a claim based on only one piece of evidence that is too small
Often forms basis for most stereotypes about people, places, or things

Slippery Slope

Discusses how if someone makes a poor decision or action then there will be negative consequences to follow and certainly lead to a devastating conclusion

Either/Or fallacy

Big complex situation that is reduced into two extreme options, oftentimes hides legitimate alternatives.
“Either America must support its allies or they will parish ”

Tu Quoque

It means “you too”, meaning that they do the same thing, and are also guilty of the same thing.
They are addressing the issue
If your mom were to tell you to clean your room then if the kid were to respond that their room is also dirty.

Guilt by Association

The idea that the group of people or a person does the same thing that the people that they are around or associate with.
Like for example if the parents say that their kids' friends are not good to hang out with because they do bad things.

Ad Hominem and Tu Quoque

Ad hominem arguments are when a person’s character or past is attacked rather than using a reasonable claim.

Paralipsis

A paralipsis is a way of discussing a topic while simultaneously denying it or its presence
Example: it seems like you've been spending lot of money

Appeal to fear Fallacy

It is a fallacy when one side of the argument is worse by making comments or threats to prove your argument.
If you and your friend are swimming meat against each other, and the friend says they cannot be friends if they don't win.

Argumentum ad ignorantiam

It is an argument that states an argument must true because it hasn't been proven yet, or vise versa
“I have never met an australian, therefore, Australia doesn't exist”

Card Stacking

Also know as a brainwashing method that uses one sided information to argue
“Banana chips are surely delightful. They are made by deep frying ripe bananas in coconut oil, it’s loaded with potassium and is good for high cholesterol.”

Loaded language Logical Fallacy

The use of exaggerated words as a way to persuade the listener to one side of the argument. This could also include using slander or praise for this method.
“Why are you using that worse service provider”

False Dichotomy

Options are limited and incorrectly listed in an argument. Where two choices are present but more choices exist
Used to make one side of the argument seem like a better view
“You’re either with me or against me”
“Love it or leave it”

Overly sentimental appeals

Uses emotions to take the attention of the audience away from the facts
Politician convincing you to vote for them by guaranteeing your child’s safety
“Why love one but eat the other?”

Weak analogy fallacy

Comparison between two concepts/situations/things that do not have the strongest link
Do not exactly correlate, makes argument more difficult
“Apples and oranges taste the same because they are both fruits”

"Strawman" Fallacy

Attacks an argument harshly and comes out strong even if there is no one on the other side defending. A misinterpretation someone’s argument to make an easier dismissal or opposition
“I think I need some credit” →”oh so money is better than saving the world?” “I didn’t say that” → “so i’m crazy now?”

Appeal to Tradition

Occurs when a claim is thought to be correct because it is a well known belief. It must be true because its tradition
“But we’ve always done it this way”
“Marriage has always been between man and women so gay marriage is wrong”

Bandwagon fallacy

Someone is convinced or persuaded to do something because other people are doing it, appeal to common belief
“I would never get anything except iphone because everyone has one”