________: Based on the totality of the circumstances the decisions made about the amount of force used had to be the same amount of force a reasonable officer in the same position would use.
New cards
2
Brutality
________: When officers express a malicious intent to harm.
New cards
3
Mediation
________: A program that encourages settlements outside the traditional enforcement process.
New cards
4
Early Warning System (EWS)
: This allows the department to keep track of all complaints against officers, the outcome of the complaints, and repetitive behavior patterns that are potentially problematic.
New cards
5
Legitimate
________: The minimum amount of force needed to control a situation.
New cards
6
Graham v Connor
________: The court decided that the actions have to match what a reasonable officer would do during the crime without knowing what the future would hold.
New cards
7
Commission
________: A group of individuals that investigate misconduct.
New cards
8
Procedural Justice
________: People are more likely to accept the outcome as fair if they believe the trial and procedures taken to get there were fair.
New cards
9
Third Degrees
________: A technique used in the 1900s that allowed officers to inflict pain on suspects to get a confession.
New cards
10
Police Corruption
________: This is the misuse of an officers authority.
New cards
11
Precipitating Incident for Kerner Commission
________: Riots of the 1960s and minority communities complaining about officers abusing their power.
New cards
12
Deadly Force
Using force may result in death or serious injury.
New cards
13
Ombudsman
________: This person reviews all complaints against public servants.
New cards
14
Lethal Force
________: These require "absolute and immediate tactics "this means an officer has to use their firearm.
New cards
15
Conducted Energy Devices
________: These are devices that produce a shock that temporarily stops muscle function and inflicts pain.
New cards
16
Wickersham Commission
The first commission to analyze police conduct was ________ in the 1930s.
New cards
17
Meat Eaters
________: People who demand bribes in exchange for protection from a person whom they are seeking a favor,
New cards
18
Active Resistance
________ (Level III): Use of come- along holds, chemical sprays, or pressure points.
New cards
19
Scott v Harris
________: The court ruled that an officer can hit the car or shoot at the fleeing individual during a high- speed pursuit if they put other innocent bystanders at risk.
New cards
20
Grass Eaters
________: Officers who accept gifts /favors but do not seek out such activities.
New cards
21
Force Continuum
________: This is a guide that officers can use to determine the level of reaction and force they need to use.
New cards
22
Precipitating Incident for Wickersham Commission
________: Prohibition, increasing crime rate, need to reevaluate juvenile justice and adult justice process.
New cards
23
Legitimate
The minimum amount of force needed to control a situation
New cards
24
Conducted Energy Devices
These are devices that produce a shock that temporarily stops muscle function and inflicts pain
New cards
25
Force Continuum
This is a guide that officers can use to determine the level of reaction and force they need to use
New cards
26
Complaint (Level I)
Communication or verbal commands
New cards
27
Passive Resistance (Level II)
Low-level physical tactics
New cards
28
Active Resistance (Level III)
Use of come-along holds, chemical sprays, or pressure points
New cards
29
Assaultive with the potential for bodily harm (Level IV)
Defensive tactics such as using a baton
New cards
30
Assaultive with the potential for serious bodily harm or death (Level V)
Deadly Force
New cards
31
Less-Than-Lethal Force
When an officer uses their baton or hands to defend
New cards
32
Lethal Force
These require "absolute and immediate tactics" this means an officer has to use their firearm
New cards
33
Graham v. Connor
The court decided that the actions have to match what a reasonable officer would do during the crime without knowing what the future would hold
New cards
34
Objective Reasonableness
Based on the totality of the circumstances the decisions made about the amount of force used had to be the same amount of force a reasonable officer in the same position would use
New cards
35
Excessive Force
When officers use more than the required/legitimate force
New cards
36
Brutality
When officers express a malicious intent to harm
New cards
37
Us versus them attitude
An attitude that separates officers and the community and that can decrease productivity between them both
New cards
38
Deadly Force
Using force that may result in death or serious injury
New cards
39
Fleeing Felon Rule
If a felon is seen fleeing the scene of their crime then an officer is allowed to shoot them
New cards
40
Pursuits
When an officer tries to stop a suspect but the suspect flees resulting in a chase
New cards
41
County of Sacramento v. Lewis
The court decided that high-speed pursuits are legal and do not violate the due process clause of the fourth amendment as long as it does not end in death
New cards
42
Scott v. Harris
The court ruled that an officer can hit the car or shoot at the fleeing individual during a high-speed pursuit if they put other innocent bystanders at risk
New cards
43
Police Corruption
This is the misuse of an officers authority
New cards
44
Grass Eaters
Officers who accept gifts/favors but do not seek out such activities
New cards
45
Meat Eaters
People who demand bribes in exchange for protection from a person whom they are seeking a favor,
New cards
46
Commission
A group of individuals that investigate misconduct
New cards
47
Third Degrees
A technique used in the 1900s that allowed officers to inflict pain on suspects to get a confession
New cards
48
Underlying Problem for Wickersham Commission
Increasing crime rates but more specifically organized crime and agents need to be reevaluated
New cards
49
Recommendations for Wickersham Commission
Establish a complaints system and bring awareness to problems between the police and minority communities
New cards
50
Precipitating Incident for Kerner Commission
Riots of the 1960s and minority communities complaining about officers abusing their power
New cards
51
Underlying Problem for Kerner Commission
Police misconduct, lack of accountability, and no oversight of police procedures
New cards
52
Recommendations for Kerner Commission
Better recruitment and training standards, accountability to the community, and establishing mechanics for registering complaints
New cards
53
Internal affairs bureaus (IABs)
This is where citizens can register complaints
New cards
54
Exonerated
When the complaint was not proven true
New cards
55
Democratic Accountability
Accountability to the community, over a group of individuals with the power to use coercive force
New cards
56
Hierarchical Accountability
Accountability to those structurally higher within the department
New cards
57
Procedural Justice
People are more likely to accept the outcome as fair if they believe the trial and procedures taken to get there were fair
New cards
58
Ombudsman
This person reviews all complaints against public servants
New cards
59
Substantiated Complaints
These are complaints against officers that turned out to be true
New cards
60
Early Warning System (EWS)
This allows the department to keep track of all complaints against officers, the outcome of the complaints, and repetitive behavior patterns that are potentially problematic
New cards
61
Mediation
A program that encourages settlements outside the traditional enforcement process