Scribe-Quiz 2

Chapters 12-13

Normal Adult HR

60-100BPM

Tachychardic HR

More than 100BPM

Brachycardic BPM

Less than 60BPM

Normal HR Children 3-4

80-120BPM

Normal HR Children 5-6

75-115BPM

Normal HR Children 7-9

70-110BPM

Two common ways normal ECGs are read

No-STEMI and NSR (Normal Sinus Rhythm)

Systolic

Top number — pressure in the arteries during contraction

Diastolic

Bottom Number — pressure in the arteries between contractions.

Normotensive

120/80

HTN (Hypertension)

140/90 and above

Hypotension

90/60 and below

Common Abnormal ECG Findings

Sinus Tachycardia, Sinus Brachycardia, STEMI (ST Elevated myocardial infraction), Prolonged QTc

ACLS

Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support

AED

Automatic External Defibrillator- portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient and is able to treat them through defibrillation

Angina

Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when an area of the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.

Arrhythmia

Irregularity or loss of rhythm

Artery

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.  Usually oxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

AV-node (Atrioventricular node)

Part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates heart rate. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers

BP

Blood pressure

CP

Chest Pain

ECHO

Echocardiogram - A sonogram of the heart that evaluates how the heart is beating and pumping blood.

EF

Ejection Fraction — ejection fraction of blood pumped out of the right and left ventricles with each heartbeat (normal is 60-70%). Heart failure patients often have reduced EFs. You can find this value under “Procedures” in the documentation of an ECHO ultrasound.

EKG

Electrocardiogram

Hemodynamically stable

Blood pressure and heart rate are within normal limits.

HR

Heart rate

HTN

Hypertension — high blood pressure

Hypotension

Low blood pressure

Infarct

Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of Blood Supply.

Ischemia

Decreased or loss of blood flow

ROSC

Return of Spontaneous Circulation — pulses return to a patient who has been in cardiac arrest.

Orthopnea

SOB which occurs when lying flat.

Palpitations

A rapid or irregular heart rate

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough

PND

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea- sudden, severe shortness of breath that wakes a person up from sleep

SA node

Sinoatrial node- the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart, and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm

Vein

Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart.  Usually deoxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood to the heart

Bibasilar

Referring to bilateral lung bases

bpm

Beats per minute

Bruit

Unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction in an artery caused by buildup of plaque or damage to vessels (turbulent blood flow)

Carotid Bruit

Bruit but in the carotid artery.

Click

Short, high-pitched sounds heard on auscultation

DP pulse

Dosalis pedis pulse (pulse you can feel on the top of the foot)

Edema

Swelling of tissue due to excess accumulation of fluid.

Pitting Edema

Demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area and depressing the skin with a finger

Gallop

An extra heart sound, called S3 or S4, is dependent on where in the cycle the added sound is found.

JVD

Jugular vein distension — visible bulging of the jugular vein.

Murmur

Extra heart sounds that are produced as a result of turbulent blood flow that is sufficient to produce audible noise

NSR

Normal Sinus Rhythm

PT pulse

Posterior — tibial pulse. On the inner side of your ankle.

Pulse

Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips

Reproducible Chest Pain

Chest pain that is elicited by palpitation of the chest.

Rub

Sound that resembles the sound of squeaky leather and often is described as grating, scratching, or rasping heard on auscultation

S1S2

Two normal heart sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat

A fib

Atrial fibrillation- chaotic electrical activity in the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart result in the muscle fibrillating (i.e., quivering) instead of achieving coordinated contraction

AAA

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Ablation

Invasive procedure used to remove a faulty electrical pathway from the hearts of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)

Aneurysm

Widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on the weakened tissues causing the formation of a sac of blood.

Angioplasty

Technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, the latter typically being a result of atherosclerosis, includes use of balloons, stents, and atherectomy devices

Aortic Dissection

Occurs when a tear in the inner wall of the aorta causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta and force the layers apart.

Asystole

State of no cardiac activity

Atherosclerosis

Occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques

BBB

Bundle Branch Block- refers to a defect of the heart's electrical conduction system that can be seen on an EKG

CABG

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - Procedure that returns blood flow to heart by rerouting it through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections.

CAD

Coronary Artery Disease - narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart.

Cardiac cath

Cardiac catheterization - insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational and interventional purposes.

Cardiomegaly

Enlargement of the heart.

Cardiomyopathy

Weakening of the myocardium (heart muscle) often associated with inadequate heart pumping.

Cardioversion

Medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate or cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm, using electricity or drugs.

Synchronized Cardioversion

Sends a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a specific moment in the cardiac cycle; used to treat cardiac arrhythmias when a pulse is present.

Unsynchronized Cardioversion (Defibrillation)

Used when there is no pulse present.

Chemical Cardioversion

Uses antiarrhythmic medication instead of an electric shock such as Lidocaine, Adenosine, or Amiodarone.

CHF

Congestive Heart Failure - Blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. The heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs.

CPR

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - involves chest compressions at least 5 cm deep and at a rate of at least 100 per minute to create artificial circulation by manually pumping blood through the heart.

DVT

Deep Vein Thrombosis - formation of a blood clot in a vein.

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiogram - transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body.

ECHO

Echocardiogram - sonogram of the heart, also called cardiac ultrasound.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the endocardium (inner layer of the heart).

ICD

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator - detects ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and shocks the heart to restore normal electrical activity.

LBBB

Left Bundle Branch Block.

MI

Myocardial Infarction - blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. Also called heart attack.

MVP

Mitral Valve Prolapse - valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly.

Myocarditis

Inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle).

NSTEMI

Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Pacemaker

Medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. The primary purpose is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because of the heart's native pacemaker is not fast enough or there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system.

PE

Pulmonary Embolism - blood clot that forms in a vein, travels through your bloodstream, and lodges in your lungs.

PEA

Pulseless Electrical Activity - a clinical diagnosis of cardiac arrest in which a heart rhythm is observed on the electrocardiogram that should be producing a pulse, but is not.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium (fluid filled sac that surrounds the heart).

PVD

Peripheral Vascular Disease - condition of the blood vessels that leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet.

RBBB

Right Bundle Branch Block.

STEMI

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Stress test

Measures the heart's ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment; stress response is induced by exercise or drug stimulation.

SVT

Supraventricular Tachycardia - any tachycardia rhythm originating above the AV node.

TCP

Transcutaneous Pacing - temporary means of pacing a patient's heart externally by delivering pulses of electric current through the patient's chest, which stimulates the heart to contract.

V fib

Ventricular fibrillation - uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly.

V tach

Ventricular tachycardia - fast heart rhythm originating in one of the ventricles of the heart.

Valve replacement

Procedure in which a patient's failing valve is replaced with an alternate healthy valve. The valve can be affected by a range of diseases; the valve can either become leaky (insufficiency/regurgitation) or partially blocked (stenosis).

Anticoagulants

Work on chemical reactions in your body to lengthen the time it takes to form a blood clot.

Antiplatelet therapy

Prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot.

Diuretics

Provides a means of forced diuresis which elevates the rate of urination promoting fluid loss which decreases blood pressure.