Chapter 6: Settling of the Western Hemisphere (1491-1607)

Aztecs

Aztecs

In Mexico, ____ carved out an empire centered on their magnificent city of Tenochtitlan, crisscrossed with canals and adorned with great temples and palaces.

Tenochtitlan

Aztecs carved out an empire centered on their magnificent city of _________, crisscrossed with canals and adorned with great temples and palaces.

Inca Empire

In Peru, the ______ stretched south to parts of what is now Chile and Argentina, and north to portions of modern Colombia.

Cahokia

In Illinois, the ______ is at its peak in the 1200s may have been home to 20,000 people.

Puebloans

In the southwest, the ______ built villages and towns, sometimes in the faces of cliffs for greater protection.

Woodland Indians

The first English settlers in North America.

Algonquian

Iroquioian

Two of the major language groups of Woodland Indians

Renaissance

It revived interest in Europe's Classical Greek and Roman heritage, inspiring new worldviews.

Scientific Revolution

It inspired a new experimental approach to learning about the natural world, giving people the power to change it.

Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation

It began a period of religious upheaval that resulted in religious fervor and intense religious conflict that dominated European international relations for over a century.

caravel

The Portuguese developed the _____, a sailing ship capable of long ocean voyages.

Improved navigational aids

_________, such as the astrolabe and compass, made such voyages more practicable.

Crusades

The ________ reintroduced Europeans to Asian markets, increasing demand for spices and other Asian goods.

Henry the Navigator

In the mid-1400s, Portugal's Prince _________ funded explorations to the Azores and Africa.

Vasco da Gama

In 1489, _______ led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope and sailed on to India.

Cape of Good Hope

After Henry's death, Portuguese mariners reached the ________ in 1488.

China

Christopher Columbus believed he could reach _____ by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean and opening a trade route for East Asian treasures to enter Europe.

October 12, 1492

After a long voyage, Columbus sighted land on ________.

San Salvador

Columbus landed on an island in the Bahamas, which he named _______.

Indians

Columbus called the natives "______" because he thought he had reached the East Indies.

Encomienda

_______ forced Native Americans onto Spanish plantations for dubious "protection." Refusing was punishable by death.

Columbian Exchange

: The flow of products across the Atlantic that permanently altered both continents.

Hernando Cortes

In 1519, _____ led a small army of 500 men from Cuba to Mexico.

Montezuma

the Aztec ruler, hosted him here. Relations between the Spanish and Aztecs soon soured.

Tenochtitlan

Cortes conquered ________ in 1521, ending the Aztec Empire.

Columbian Exchange

: exchange of crops, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe and colonies of the Western Hemisphere that developed in the aftermath of the voyages of Columbus.

2500 BCE

Migration of Asians to the Americas across the Bering Strait begins.

1492

Voyage of Columbus to the Americas

1519

Cortes enters Mexico

1520-1530

Smallpox epidemic devastates Native American populations in many parts of South and Central America, virtually wiping out some tribes.

1542

Spanish explorers travel through southwestern United States