AP Human Test 2

Stage 1 (name, example, br, dr)

Name: High Fluctuating

Current Example: Amazon, Basin tribes

Birthrate: High

Deathrate: High

Natural Increase: Stable or slow

Stage 2 (name, example, br, dr)

Name: Early Expanding

Current Example: Ethiopia

Birthrate: High

Deathrate: RAPIDLY FALLS

Natural Increase: Very big increase

Stage 3 (name, example, br, dr)

Name: Late Expanding

Current Example: India, Brazil

Birthrate: falling

Deathrate: falling slowly

Natural Increase: increase at a slower rate

Stage 4 (name, example, br, dr)

Name: Low fluctuating

Current Example: UK, USA

Birthrate: low

Deathrate: low

Natural Increase: stable or slow increase

Stage 5 (name, example, br, dr)

Name: Decline

Current Example: Russia, Germany, Japan

Birthrate: Very low

Deathrate: low

Natural Increase: slow decrease

Population Distribution

• Spread of people across the earth

• pattern of human settlement

• Does not change

Population density

• Measure of Average population per square mile

• Does increase

Why does population density / population distribution matter?

Set boundaries for electrical districts and housing

Ecumene

A term geographers use that means inhabited land

Who was Thomas Malthus

• English economist

• Anglican, very anti catholic

• Worried that British population was rising to fast, especially among the poor

Malthusian Catastrophe

The idea that the human population will grow more then the ability to produce food bc humans grow exponentially while food grows linearly. Not True!!

What did Thomas Malthus want to be done?

• Preventive checks: Birth Control, Abstinence, Moral Education (cut birth rates)

• Negative checks: Famine, Disease

What did Thomas Malthus’s negative check ideas lead to?

• Stop giving assistance to the poor

• Irish Potato Famine and British did nothing to help

• Social Darwinism - Herbert spencer thought Europeans were “fittest” and “most evolved” which lead to racism, white supremacy, an excuse/reason for colonialism

• Eugenics - The practice of improving the human species by selectivity mating people with “desirable” traits.

Neo-Malthusianism

• Paul Ehrlich wrote a book call “population bomb” about this theory

• Concerns over resource depletion by over consumption

• Sounds like….. Environmental Determinism

• A theory extended from Thomas Mauthus’s theory but more modern

What is the biggest factor in why people move today?

Economics

Key facts about Physical factors

• Early survival depended on food, water, and shelter

• As population increases, population density increases

• Most people live in midlatitudes - more moderate climates and better soil

• Low-lying areas typically have better soil and are close to the ocean

• Close to the ocean = good living

• People today can move more easily

• People move near things that make there life easier

Arithmetic density formula

Regions population / total area of a region

Note: Does not tell you how distributed they are in the area

Physiological density

• Dividing regions population/amount of arable land

• A high physiological density indicates that many people rely on a limited amount of arable land

Agricultural density

• Number of farmers / arable land

• Developed countries = more farmers, developing countries = more farmers

• Tells you how developed a country is

• Compare Bangladesh to the Netherlands

What does population density and distribution imply?

• Businesses earn more when located near a large costumer base

• Manufacturing plants are closer to large labor force

• Urban districts are usually smaller then rural but this is changing in America

• Ex: People want to live in America because of the economic opportunities therefore there are more people living in cities.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a species (humans) that an environment can sustainably support without degrading the ecosystem.

Population composition

• People with the same ethnic group cluster in particular regions

• Age shapes public policy

  • Many children = schools

  • Many old people = old people homes

• Gender of a population is effected by war, migration, mining collages

What do population pyramids tell us?

Gender, age, and precent of population in each group

Impacts of war on population

• Affects people of all ages but more specifically men between 18-40

• Men and women are separated therefore there is a decline in birth rates, this is called a birth deflect

• Once war ends there is normally a baby boom

Baby Boom, Bust, Echo

• Boom: A big spike in population

• Bust: little decline until the boomers reach child-bearing age

• Echo: spike again bc the baby boomers are having kids

Dependency Ratio

• Comparing the working to the non working (working:nonworking)

• Population pyramid data is used to estimate the dependency ratio

Population Pyramids: Stage 1

• High Fluncating

• No

Pronatalist vs Antinatalist

• Pronatalist: Supports high birth rates and population growth

• Aninatalist: Does not support high birth rates / population growth

Stage 1 Pyramid

Stage 2 pyramid

Stage 3 pyramid

Stage 4 Pyramid

Stage 5 Pyramid