psych exam god help me

Psychology is defined as

The scientific study of the mind and behavior

emperical method is

Method for acquiring knowledge based on observation and experimentation.

Which of the following best fits the definition below:
“The process by which someone examines their own conscious experince in an attempt to break it into its component parts.”

introspection

which of the following best fits the definition below:
“understanding the conscious experience through introspection”

structuralism

functionalism is best described as

focused on how mental activites helped an organism adapt to its enviroment

the psychoanalytic theory is best described as

the role of unconscious in affecting conscious behavior

which of the following does behaviorism focus on observing and controlling

behavior

which of the following does humanism emphasize the potential for?

the potential for good that is innate to all humans

which of the following is at the bottom of the hierachy of needs pyramid

physiological needs

what does APA stand for?

American Psychological Association

which of the following best describes the somatic nervous system

it relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS

the autonomic nervous system is subdivided into which of the following systems?

sympathetic nervous system AND parasympathetic nervous system

what is the temporal lobe’s main function?

hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language

what is the frontal lobe’s main function?

reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

what is the occipital lobe responsible for?

interpreting incoming visual informationw

what is the parietal lobe responsible for?

processing information from the body’s sensesincluding touch, temperature, and pain.

what is a dominant allele?

an allele whose phenotype will be expressed in an individual that prossessses that allele

which part of the brain is important for speech comprehension?

wernicke’s area

the peripheral system (PNS) is responsible for connecting the ___ & ___ to the muscles

brain & spinal cord

the neruotransmitter is a ___ messenger of the nervous system

chemical

which of the following is NOT controlled by the billions of neurons in the nervous system?

responses

what is a recessive allele

“allele whos phenotype will be expressed only if an individual is homozygous for that allele”

what is a receptor?

a protien on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach

what is the main difference between sensation and pereception?

sensation is when sensory information is detected, perception is when organize & interpret sensory information

as an example, what is an example of what we can use subliminal messages in order in order to best influence people?

advertisements

which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?

when you smell a strong scent, but it starts to fade after some time has passed

what is the BEST definition of absolute threshold?

the smallest amount of stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time

what is the difference between amplitudes and wavelengths when describing the physical characteristics of light waves?

amplitudes are the height of the wave. wavelengths are the length of a wave from one peak to the other.

which of the following is true when we talk about the frequency of waves & wavelengths?

longer wavelengths equals lower frequencies

can we see the electromagnetic spectrum?

no

how loud is a rock concert?

120 decibles, enough to incrase the chances of hearing loss

how do we measure light waves & wavelengths?

hertz (Hz)

what is an example of a just noticeable difference?

noticing light in a dark movie theater compared to a brightly lit sports arena

in the video shown in class about the dolphin trainers, what type of operative conditioning did they use?

positive reinforcement

what does negative reinforcement mean in operant conditioning?

to take something away in order to increase behavior

which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

a firework vs a gunshot

can stimulus generalization lead to stimulus discrimination

yes

in classical conditioning, what is extinction?

the decrease in the conditioned response over time when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus

which of the following is an example of acquisition?

disliking your favorite food after chemo therapy

what is it called when we add new stimuli in classical conditioning?

higher-order conditioning aka second-order conditioning

the constant chime in a car to remind you to put your seatbelt on is an example of what type of operant conditioning?

negative reinforcement

which of the following is true when it comes to determining whether something is a “good” reward?

it is something that the individual likes or is interested in

what is true about primary reinforcers

primary reinforceres are not learned

they have innate reinforcing qualities like the need for food, water, or shelter

primary reinforcers are usually not lost over time

ALL OF THESE OPTIONS ARE TRUE

which of the following is NOT a part of the cognitive processing of sensations?

conditioned reflex

what is a good example of a natural concept?

eating ice cream

what are the 3 parts of forming memories?

encoding, storage, retrieval

encoding is the input of information into the ___

memory system

what is a good example of automatic processing based on what you lerned in class

remembering what you ate for lunch

how do honey bees communicate?

waggle dance

at what age do babies begin the holophrastic stage of language development

12-18 months?

how many numbers can we remember based on our short-term memory processing?

about 7 (plus or minus 2)

which of the following is an example of recognition, based on the types of memory retrieval?

reading a new book and finding complex words that you just learned or memorized

remembering a shortcut to your house

recognizing a familiar face but maybe forgetting their name

ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT

what were the three types of intelligence in the triarchic theory of intelligence?

practical, creative, analytical

which of the following best describes intrinsic morivation

helping a friend because it helps with your personal growht

which of the following is not a component of emotion

objective viewpoints

which of the following does extrinsic motivation best fit

external reward

which of the following parts of the brain plays a main role to processing emotional information?

amygdala

culture can impact the way people display emotion

true

a microexpression is a small ___ in the face that displays true emotions

movement

how many basic universal emotion are there?

7

locus of control is best described as

our beliefs about the power we have over our lives

internal locus of control is best described as

outcomes are the direct result of our efforts

the most popular theory in personality psychology is known as which of the following

the big 5 theory

what is an example of a conditioned stimulus?

the ring of a bell

who was the first psychologist?

sigmund freud

carl rogers used which therapeutic technique to help clients deal with problematic issues that led them to seek psychotherapy?

client-centered therapyw

which of the following is NOT a part of the combined reinforcement scheduele?

timed-ratio

what are the three tiny bones in the middle ear?

ossicles

was paired to furry animals to make little albert afraid of furry things?

loud sounds that scared albert

what is an example of mirror neurons?

yawning

positive correlation

are variables that move in the same directionm

myelin sheath

substance that is formed by gilal cells

has gaps in between called the nodes of ranvier and is a fatty subtance

forms down the length of the axon

what is an example of the placebo effect?

being blindfolded, and told that you are eating tylenol to take away your pain, but instead you are given sugar pills, but your pain still goes away

what did BF Skinner believe our minds were like

a black box

john studies languages and realizes that the meaning of the word green can be used in different contexts, this is an example of

semantics

what was the video clip that was an example of deductive reasoning

the tv show “house”, because the doctor made observations based on his general knowledge and the research that had been conducted for years

cause & effect is the results of what type of research?

experimental research

what are the three sections of the ear?

inner, middle, outer

which type of intelligence is about using no prior knowledge to learn, assess, and solve new problems?

fluid intelligence

who was the psychologist known for his work with micro expressions?

Paul Ekman

what happens if the hippocampus is damaged?

Can’t process new declarative memories

Can’t Connect meaning to different memories

can’t transfer new memories into long-term storage

What is the main goal of social psychology

to understand how ppl influence another’s behaviors, thoughts, and feelings

Ben is having a hard time chewing gum. He says he likes the way the movements his mouth makes 
and helps him relieve stress.

This behavior is probably due to which stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development?

The Oral stage

In Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment which of the following was true about the study?

The prisoners were treated badly by the guards and many of them were having mental breakdowns, which lead to many reforms in APA guidelines.

Who led the Stanfard Prison Experiment?

Philip Zimbardo

 Which of the following best defines the definition below: 

“The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, behave in specific ways.”

Personality

Which of the following is NOT a part of O.C.E.A.N personality traits?

Nature

If a person has HIGH neuroticism which of the following personality traits, will they portray?

Depressitivity

Shamefulness

Emotional Lability

Based on the ABC’s of Attitudes, what would be the ‘A’ be connected to?

Affect

Based on Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Stages, at the adolescence stage what is the task that needs to be completed in order to have a healthy personality and a sense of competence?

Identity

Which Psychologist created the Cognitive Theory of Development model?

Jean Piaget

Chance, other people, and luck are all part of which of the following:

External locus of control

If a parent is warm & affectionate, listens to their child’s point of view, but still gives the child reasonable demands and consistent limits, what type of parenting style is it?

Authoritative Parenting

What is the healthiest and most common attachment style? 

Secure Attachment

Which Psychologist created the Strange Situation Experiment? 

Mary Ainsworth

Can Attitudes contradict each other?

Yes

When does Initiative vs. Guilt occur when looking at the Psychosocial Stages of Development?

Preschool (2-6 years)

When looking at Behavior in the ABCs of Attitudes, what does it mean?

Actions or interactions

Social Psychology is defined as…

A field of psychology that examines how people impact or affect each other, with particular focus on the power of the situation.

Where do psychologists publish their Peer Reviewed Journal Articles?

In a Scientific Journal