Science Principles and Earth Composition

Flashcards covering key concepts related to states of matter, Earth composition, rock types, and basic chemistry principles.

Solid

A state of matter with tightly packed particles, fixed pattern, and cannot be compressed.

Liquid

A state of matter that can flow or slip, not in a fixed pattern, and cannot be compressed.

Gas

A state of matter where particles move freely and are easily compressible.

Inner core

The solid innermost layer of the Earth.

Outer core

The liquid layer of the Earth's core.

Mantle

The layer of the Earth that is hot, semi-liquid, and magnetic.

Crust

The solid outer layer of the Earth.

Metals

Elements that are shiny, malleable, good conductors of electricity, ductile, and require high heat to melt.

Nonmetals

Elements that are brittle, non-malleable, poor conductors of electricity, non-ductile, and require low heat to melt.

Acid

A substance with a pH range of 1-6.

Neutral

A substance with a pH of 7.

Alkaline

A substance with a pH range of 8-14.

Neutralization

The process of adding an alkaline substance to a weak acid.

Geologist

A person who studies rocks.

Igneous rock

Rock that has solidified from magma.

Metamorphic rock

Rock that has formed from intense heat and pressure.

Sedimentary rock

Rock that is formed from compacted layers of other rocks.

Weathering

The process of breaking down rocks by the weather.

Humus

The organic part of soil made from decayed animals and plants.