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Affiliation Motivation
balancing connectedness with psychological needs enhances well-being; ostracism (social exclusion) can cause emotional pain
Altruism
helping others with no expectation of reward; norm of social responsibility; those who can take care of themselves have an obligation to take care of those who can’t
Burnout
emotional exhaustion from chronic stress
Circadian Rhythm
the regular bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period; the biological clock
Cognitive Appraisal
the personal interpretation of a situation; how an individual views a situation
Cognitive Load
under stress, we rely more on stereotypes to make quick judgements
Extrinsic Motivation
performing tasks due to external reward or pressures; eg. studying for a grade
Growth Mindset
a belief system where individuals see their abilities and intelligence as qualities that can be developed through effort, learning, and persistence
Identity vs Role Confusion
fifth stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, where adolescents (ages 12-18) struggle with finding their own identity
Industrial Organizational Psychology
applies psychological theories and principles to organizations; focuses on increasing workplace productivity
Information Processing
psychological theories that propose that dreaming is a way for the brain to process and organize information
Intrinsic Motivation
engaging in tasks for inherent satisfaction or challenge; self-determination; eg. learning
Learned Helplessness
a psychological condition where an individual feels powerless to change their situation due to repeated failures or negative outcomes in the past
Love and Belonging - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
the psychological need for interpersonal relationships, love, and a sense of belonging
Prosocial Behaviors
actions that benefit others or society
Self-Determination Theory
competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Self-Efficacy
one’s belief about their capabilities and effectiveness
Self-Esteem
one’s feeling of high or low self-worth
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
expectations about a person lead to behaviors that make those expectations come true
Social Comparison
the idea that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they compare to others
Stereotype
generalized belief about a group
Stereotype Threat
fear of confirming a negative stereotype, impacting performance