Pharmacology Cardiac and Renal Medications

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

what drug class is Atorvastatin?

used for hyperlipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease

what are the indications for Atorvastatin?

inhibits cholesterol synthesis

what is the MOA of Atorvastatin?

increased blood glucose, muscle spasms, myalgia, abnormal liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis

what are the side effects of Atorvastatin?

do not use in patients with liver disease

what is the black box warning for Atorvastatin?

teratogenic, monitor for yellowing of skin or eyes

what are the administration considerations for Atorvastatin?

anticoagulant

what drug class is Warfarin?

used for venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, prevention of recurrent myocardial infarctions or stroke

what are the indications for Warfarin?

inhibits synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

what is the MOA of Warfarin?

increased bleeding

what are the side effects of Warfarin?

teratogenic, vitamin k is reversal agent, monitor INR, contraindicated in patients with hemorrhagic tendencies or surgeries of the CNS

what are the administration considerations for Warfarin?

cardiac glycoside

what drug class is Digoxin?

second-line treatment for heart failure or arterial fibrillation

what are the indications for Digoxin?

inhibits potassium and sodium pump, positive inotrope

what is the MOA of Digoxin?

bradycardia, arrhythmias, anxiety, hallucinations, gynecomastia

what are the side effects of Digoxin?

risk for ventricular fibrillation

what is the black box warning for Digoxin?

Digoxin toxicity

what are the adverse effects of Digoxin?

monitor Digoxin and potassium levels and for s/s of Digoxin toxicity

what are the administration considerations for Digoxin?

Digibind

what is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?

anticoagulant

what drug class is Heparin?

used for deep vein thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, or during acute myocardial infarction

what are the indications for Heparin?

inhibits coagulation factors

what is the MOA of Heparin?

increased risk for gastrointestinal or cerebral hemorrhage, risk for heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis

what are the side effects of Heparin?

increased bleeding risk that may lead to hemorrhaging

what are the adverse effects of Heparin?

increased bleeding risk, especially in elderly

what are the administration considerations for Heparin?

anticoagulant

what drug class is Lovenox?

used for deep vein thrombosis or concurrently with aspirin for acute myocardial infarction

what are the indications for Lovenox?

low molecular weight Heparin

what is the MOA of Lovenox?

increased risk for bleeding and hemorrhaging, heparin induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis

what are the side effects of Lovenox?

epidural or spinal hematomas may occur in patients who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia or undergoing spinal puncture

what is the black box warning for Lovenox?

epidural or spinal hematomas

what are the adverse effects of Lovenox?

use caution in patients with kidney disease, monitor for neurological impairment

what are the administration considerations for Lovenox?

phosphodiesterase inhibitor

what drug class is Sildenefil?

used for pulmonary hypertension and erectile dysfunction

what are the indications for Sildenefil?

relaxes smooth muscle

what is the MOA of Sildenefil?

hypotension, vision or hearing loss, priapism

what are the side effects of Sildenefil?

vaso-occlusive crisis due to sickle cell anemia

what are the adverse effects of Sildenefil?

contact emergency services for priapism lasting more than 4 hours or if chest pain occurs

what are the administration considerations for Sildenefil?

anticoagulant

what drug class is Apixaban Eliquis?

used for deep venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, or during acute myocardial infarction

what are the indications for Apixaban Eliquis?

inhibits coagulation factors

what is the MOA of Apixaban Eliquis?

increased risk for gastrointestinal or cerebral hemorrhage, risk for heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis

what are the side effects of Apixaban Eliquis?

increased bleeding risk that may lead to hemorrhaging

what are the adverse reactions for Apixaban Eliquis?

increased risk for bleeding, especially in elderly

what are the administration considerations for Apixaban Eliquis?

nitrate

what drug class is Nitroglycerin?

used for relieving angina due to coronary artery disease

what are the indications for Nitroglycerin?

relaxes vascular smooth muscle resulting in vasodilation

what is the MOA of Nitroglycerin?

hypotension, palpitations, weakness, dizziness

what are the side effects of Nitroglycerin?

avoid eating or smoking during administration (sublingually), contact emergency services if pain does not improve after taking

what are the administration considerations for Nitroglycerin?

antiarrhythmic class 4

what drug class is Diltiazem?

used for angina, hypertension, and supra ventricular tachycardias

what are the indications for Diltiazem?

decreases workload of heart

what is the MOA of Diltiazem?

hypotension, edema, bradycardia, syncope, photosensitivity

what are the side effects of Diltiazem?

hepatic injury, worsening heart failure

what are the adverse effects of Diltiazem?

monitor BP and HR, do not take with grapefruit juice

what are the administration considerations for Diltiazem?

antiplatelet

what drug class is Clopedigrel?

used in patients with established peripheral arterial disease or history of myocardial infarction or stroke

what are the indications for Clopedigrel?

inhibits platelet activation and aggregation

what is the MOA of Clopedigrel?

increased risk of bleeding

what are the side effects of Clopedigrel?

reduced effectiveness for “CYP2C19 poor metabolizer” patients

what is the black box warning for Clopedigrel?

irreversible overdose

what are the adverse effects of Clopedigrel?

administer with food to reduce risk of GI upset and bleeding, monitor for bleeding

what are the administration considerations for Clopedigrel?

Xa inhibitor reversal agent

what drug class is Andexxa?

used to treat Xa inhibitor overdose

what are the indications for Andexxa?

reverses anticoagulant effects

what is the MOA of Andexxa?

difficulty breathing, impaired vision or speech, continued bleeding after treatment

what are the side effects of Andexxa?

administer slowly

what are the administration considerations for Andexxa?

inotrope

contractility

chronotrope

heart rate

dromotrope

conduction through AV node

potassium sparing diuretic

what drug class is Spironolactone?

used for edema and hypertension

what are the indications for Spironolactone?

causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted

what is the MOA of Spironolactone?

hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, dehydration

what are the side effects of Spironolactone?

nephrotoxicity

what are the adverse effects of Spironolactone?

monitor BUN and creatinine, eat low potassium and sodium diet

what are the administration considerations for Spironolactone?

thiazide diuretic

what drug class is Hydrochlorothiazide?

used for edema and hypertension

what are the indications for Hydrochlorothiazide?

works near distal tubule to promote excretion of sodium and water

what is the MOA of Hydrochlorothiazide?

dehydration, photosensitivity

what are the side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide?

nephrotoxicity

what are the adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide?

Monitor for dehydration, renal function, electrolytes

what are the administration considerations for Hydrochlorothiazide?

loop diuretic

what drug class is Furosemide?

used for edema and hypertension

what are the indications for Furosemide?

inhibits reabsorption of sodium in loop of Henle

what is the MOA of Furosemide?

hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, hypokalemia, dehydration

what are the side effects of Furosemide?

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

what are the adverse effects of Furosemide?

eat high potassium and low sodium diet, monitor for hearing changes and renal function

what are the administration considerations for Furosemide?

ACE inhibitor

what drug class is Lisinopril?

used for hypertension

what are the indications for Lisinopril?

blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

what is the MOA of Lisinopril?

dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema

what are the side effects of Lisinopril?

teratogenic, eat low sodium and potassium foods

what are the administration considerations for Lisinopril?

beta 2 agonist

what drug class is Albuterol?

used for asthma, COPD, bronchoconstriction

what are the indications of Albuterol?

tachycardia, hypertension

what are the side effects of Albuterol?

rinse mouth after use, call emergency services if not relieved

what are the side effects of Albuterol?

alpha 2 agonist

what drug class is Clonidine?

used for hypertension and ADHD

what are the indications of Clonidine?

increases vasodilation

what is the MOA of Clonidine?