Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

Five or more DSM symptoms have been present during same 2-week period and represent change from prior functioning

Depressive Symptoms (DSM)

Depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure, weight fluctuation, slower mental and physcial rxn, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to think, and recurrent thoughts of death

Social Theory

Stressful circumstances of life

Cognitive Theory

Negative or maladaptive habits of thinking

Diathesis-Stress model

Person has underlying biological vulnerability which is then triggered by stressors in the environment

Learned Helplessness

Person with low self-efficacy stops trying which leads to further problems

Cognitive Triad Theory

Negative view of oneself, environment, and future leads to depression

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)

Elevate norepinphrine and serotonin by blocking enzyme that deactivates neurotransmitters

Tricylic antidepressants

Boost norepinephrine and serotinin in brain by preventing normal reuptake of these subtances

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

Inihibit re-uptake of serotonin to boost levels in brain

Bipolar Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by swings between depression and mania

Manic Epsiodes

Distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally goal directed behavior lasting at least one week, 3 or more DSM symptoms

Manic episode criteria

inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, more talkative, racing thoughts, distractability, increase in goal directed activity, excessive involvement in activities with high potential for pain

Bipolar 1

Includes one full manic episode

Bipolar 2

Mostly depression with at least one hypo manic episode (4 days, shorter than full manic)

Lithium Carbonate

Alleviates most bipolar symptoms, high risk of serious side effects in dosage not precise

Premenstrul dysphoric disorder

Depressive disorder that begins following ovulation and remits within few days of menses with impact on functioning

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

For children under 12, persistent irritability and fequent episode of extreme behavioral dyscontrol

Mood lability

Rapid shifts in mood ranging from happy, neutral to irritable

Cyclothymic Disorder

Numerious periods of hypomanic symptoms that don't meet criteria for an episode

Biochemical Explanation

Low activities of norepinephrine and serotonin in those with bipolar and/or depression

Endocrine System

Collection of glands responsible for regulating hormones, metabolism, growth, etc. Cortisol (stress hormone) has been linked throgugh this system to depression

Anatomy of Moods

Prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and the amygdala, specifically drastic changes in blood flow changes

Automatic Thoughts

A constant stream of negative thoughts that leads to symptoms of depression as individuals feel they are inadequate

Family-social perspective

Suggests depression is related related to unavailability of social support from society/family

Artifact Theory

Suggests difference in disorders is due to diagnostic systems being more sensitive to diagnosing women with depression than men, research fails to support

Hormone Theory

Variations in hormone levels trigger depression in women more than men, research fails to support

Life stress theory

Suggests women are more liekly to experience chronic stressors than men, accounting for higher rates of depression

Gender Roles Theory

Suggests social and/or psychological factors related to gender roles influence rate of depression in women

Rumination theory

Theory women are more likely to ruminate or focus on depressive symptoms, research has supported that rumination is related to increase in depressive symptoms

Tricyclic antidepressants

Block absorption or reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine increasing availability for postsynaptic neurons

Behavioral activation (BA)

Goal to alleviate depression and prevent future relapse by changing individuals behavior

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

Establish effective strategies to manage interpersonal issues which will help lighten depressive symptoms

Multimodal Treatment

Both pharmacological and psychological treatment being utilized at the same time