APHG Unit 2 Flashcards

Arable Land

Land used to grow crops

Population Density

Measures the total number of people per unit of land

Arithmetic Density

Measures the total number of people in an area of land unit

Physiological Density

Total number of people per area unit of arable land

Agricultural Density

Total number of farmers per area unit of arable land

Subsistence Agriculture

When most of the farming taking place is providing for only the farmers themselves

Population Distribution

Where people live in a geographical area

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size an environment can sustain

How do you increase carrying capacity?

Technological and agricultural advancements

Working age group

Between 15 and 65

Dependent age group

Less than 15 and more than 65

Dependency Ratio

The number of people in a dependent age group divided by people in a working age group.

Sex Ratio

The proportion of males to females in a population

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children that one woman will have during her child-bearing years

Effects of a high total Fertility rate

+Increasing laborers

-Consumes more resources

Effects of a low total Fertility rate

+Takes fewer resources

-Cases population aging

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Number of births in a year in a given population per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Number of deaths in a year in a given population per 1,000 people

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Number of deaths in children under age 1 per 1,000 live births

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live

Mortality

Deaths as a component of population change

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Crude Birth rate minus Crude Death Rate

Doubling Time

The number of years it will take for a growing population to double

Doubling Time formula

70/RNI (Rate of Natural Increases)

Malthus and Neo-Malthusians(modern day)

The foundational belief that population growth will outpace resource availability and that human population will grow exponentially while pood productions will grow linearly.

Antinatalist policies

Government policies to lessen population and disencourage having children

Reasons for Antinatalist policies

• Fear of exceeding carrying capacity

• To reach goal of reducing famine and disease

• To ensure enough education, jobs, and services.

Pronatalist policies

Government policies made to increase population and encourage having children

Reasons for Pronatalist policies

• To help a concerning aging of population

• To increase workforce

• To strengthen and increase economy

Immigration

Movement TO a location

Emigration

Movement FROM a location

Net Migration

The difference between emigrants and immigrants

Impacts of Rural to Urban Migration?

Positive - Very many economical opportunities. (Job opportunities and higher wages)

Negative - Competetion for jobs, (high population densities)

How has population center in the U.S. changed over time?

It significantly shifted westward in the past and more recently, shifted southward.

International Migration

Migration from one country to another

Internal Migration

Migration within the border of one country

Guest Worker

A person who temporarily moves to work in another country for labor

Transhumance Migration

The migration of livestock to warmer and colder areas according to the season

Remittances

Transfer of money from a foreign worker to their home country

Refugees

People forced to leave their country for fear of persecution or death

Asylum

The right to protection for refugees in a new country