3.2 Zoonoses, Vaccines, Epidemiology

Epidemic vs Endemic vs Pandemic

Epidemic: an outbreak of disease that attacks many people/communities at the same time

Endemic: a disease that exists permanently in a particular region/population

Pandemic: an epidemic that has spread throughout the world

What is Zoonoses

Pathogens that spread between animal species

• Must mutate to jump species, often highly dangerous to new host

• includes newly evolved pathogens (such as avian flu) and established ones (such as rabies)

• more than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic

What are reverse zoonoses

Human to animal pathogens

What is polio

polio is caused by a virus that infects nervous tissue

what are the 2 vaccines for Polio

• IPV : Injection of dead polio

• OPV : oral drip of attenuated polio

What are vacines

A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide lasting immunity against pathogens.

Types of Vaccines

• RNA (make own cells produce antigens)

• Live Attenuated

• inactivated

• subunit (pure antigens)

• Toxoid (small dose of toxin)

What is Herd Immunity

resistance to the spread of a pathogen within a population based on the pre-existing immunity of many individuals

Percent change vs Percent difference

• Percent change - used to illustrate some change in a value, usually over time: (V2 - V1)/ V1 × 100%

• Percent Difference - used to compare values that mean the same thing: (V2 - V1) / ([V2+V1] / 2) x 100%

What is the SIR Epidemiological Model

The SIR (Susceptible, Infectious, Removed) Epidemiological Model is a graph demonstrating how a disease spreads throughout a population over time.