14-Mutation and DNA Repair

What is a mutation?

It is a change to the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

What type of mutation only affects a single nucleotide base pair?

A point mutation

In what type of mutation is a single nucleotide base pair changed into a different nucleotide base pair?

A base substitution

What is an insertion?

It is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs.

What is a deletion?

It is the removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs.

What type of mutation shifts the reading frame that is used in translation?

A frameshift mutation

What types of mutations could cause a frameshift mutation?

An insertion or a deletion.

What would you call a mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein?

A silent mutation

What would you call a mutation that causes a single amino acid to be changed in the protein?

A missense mutation

What would you call a mutation that results in changing a normal codon into a stop codon?

A nonsense mutation

What type of mutation could result in a shortened protein being produced?

A nonsense mutation

What could a mutation in the promoter cause?

It could cause a decrease or increase in the rate of transcription. This could result in the cell either making too little of the protein or too much of the protein respectively.

What could a mutation in a regulatory segment of DNA cause?

It could cause a decrease or increase in the rate of transcription. This could result in the cell either making too little of the protein or too much of the protein respectively.

Mutations in what type of cells can be passed onto offspring?

Germ cells

Mutations in what type of cells will not be passed onto offspring?

Somatic cells

In E. Coli, what is the function of Uvr proteins?

They are involved in nucleotide excision repair. They repair DNA damage.