CHE 2C MT II Transition Metals

2C Enderle MT II

Scandium (Sc)

Found in uranium ores

Scandium (Sc)

Similar chemistry to Al, Y, and lanthanides likely because the cation has no d-electrons

Scandium (Sc)

Colorless and diamagnetic, most common oxidation state is +3

Scandium (Sc)

high intensity lamps, aluminum alloys (bats, bicycles, aerospace components), dentistry lasers

Yttrium (Y)

found in lunar rock samples

Yttrium (Y)

Applications: red phosphors in TV CRTs and LEDs, alloys, cancer treatment, superconductors

Yttrium (Y)

Scandium family - not Sc

Titanium (Ti)

found in numerous mineral deposits, living things, soils, bodies of water, rocks

Titanium (Ti)

low density, high strength, low corrosion makes it an excellent structural material

Titanium (Ti)

Highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal

Titanium (Ti)

similar properties to C and Si

Titanium (Ti)

+3 and +4 oxidations states most common

Titanium (Ti)

Applications: aircraft, artificial bones/joints, catalyst for plastics, white pigment in paper, jewelry

Zirconium (Zr)

chemically resistant and used in aggressive environments

Zirconium (Zr)

Applications: opacifier, crucibles, jewelry

Zr and Hf

Same family as Titanium

Hafnium (Hf)

Applications: integrated circuits, control rods

Vanadium (V)

catalyst in sulfuric acid production

Vanadium (V)

makes strong and tough steels

Vanadium (V)

makes toxic compounds

Vanadium (V)

Applications: engine parts, axles, sulfuric acid production

Vanadium (V)

+5 is the most common oxidation state, but +2 through +5 exist for V

Niobium (Nb)

similar to Ta and hard to distinguish

Niobium (Nb)

Applications: hypoallergenic uses, steel alloy, pacemaker

Tantalum (Ta)

Applications: alloy, capacitors, in modern electronic devices, substitute for Pt

Ta and Nb

Corrosion resistant and same family as Vanadium

Chromium (Cr)

Corrosion resistant

Chromium (Cr)

compounds often have intense colors

Chromium (Cr)

coated Terracotta soldiers

Chromium (Cr)

toxic and carcinogenic

Chromium (Cr)

Applications: plating, cleaning solutions, red color of rubies, pigments, leather tanning, wood preservative, catalyst

Molybdenum (Mo)

Applications: enzymes, pigments, catalysts, alloys

Tungsten (W)

means heavy stone

Tungsten (W)

only 3rd row element found in biomolecules

Tungsten (W)

High density and highest metal mp

Tungsten (W)

Applications: hard materials like in drills/abrasives/armory,

counterfeiting Au or Pt (density substitute), light bulbs

W and Mo

same family as Chromium

Manganese (Mn)

Oxidation state varies from +2 to +7

Manganese (Mn)

Applications: batteries, catalyst, hard steel, pigment, rust treatment, biological trace element, gasoline additive

Technetium (Te)

produced synthetically as a by product of nuclear reactors

Technetium (Te)

Smallest element that has no stable isotopes

Technetium (Te)

Medical radioactive tracer for abnormal mammograms

Technetium (Te)

Applications: Catalyst, equipment calibration by beta emission

Rhenium (Re)

very dense with high mp,

extremely expensive

Rhenium (Re)

Applications: jet and rocket engines, petroleum catalyst, treating liver cancer

Iron (Fe)

Most important element in modern civilation

Iron (Fe)

Most common element by mass on Earth, forms inner and outer core

Iron (Fe)

Production of this started in the Middle Bronze Age

Fe, Co, Ni,

Form metal carbonyl bonds

Iron (Fe)

Application: steel, alloys, heme

Cobalt (Co)

difficult to isolate when mined because of elusive properties

Cobalt (Co)

Applications: alloys, magnets, stainless steel, dyes, Li-ion battery, catalyst, vitamin B12

Nickel (Ni)

double magic

Nickel (Ni)

Corrosion resistant, common oxidation state is +2

Nickel (Ni)

Applications: plating, steel, alloys, coinage, electroplating, magnets, NiCad batteries, guitar strings, catalyst for hydrogenation

Platinum (Pt)

least reactive metal yet is an excellent catalyst

Platinum (Pt)

Mined in South Africa

Platinum (Pt)

+2 and +4 are common oxidation states

Platinum (Pt)

Applications: catalyst, catalytic converter, jewelry

Copper (Cu)

Alloys include bronze and brass

Copper (Cu)

common in coinage because of durability and corrosion resistance

Copper (Cu)

naturally blue, high conductivity

Copper (Cu)

100% recyclable in original state

Copper (Cu)

Applications: batteries, biomolecules, plating, trace dietary mineral, pigment, wires, integrated circuits, motors, architecture, copper proteins

Silver (Ag)

Tarnishes to black when reacts with sulfur

Silver (Ag)

Applications: jewelry, tableware, utensils, coins, photographic films, disinfectants, tooth fillings, batteries

Gold (Au)

Does not oxidize in air or water

Gold (Au)

Most malleable of all metals - it can be pressed so thin that it becomes a clear sheet

Gold (Au)

basis for monetary value throughout history up until the fiat currency

Gold (Au)

Applications: jewelry, coinage, dentistry, wiring, electronics

Zinc (Zn)

brass alloy

Zinc (Zn)

similar chemistry to Mg, +2 common oxidation state

Zinc (Zn)

Corrosion-resistant, hard, brittle, diamagnetic, reducing agent

Zinc (Zn)

Applications: galvanizing, batteries, supplements, deodorants, anti-dandruff, essential mineral, alloys

Mercury (Hg)

quicksilver

Mercury (Hg)

Only metal that is liquid at STP, though its liquid range is relatively small; diatomic bromine is the only other liquid at STP

Mercury (Hg)

Low mp and bp

Mercury (Hg)

similar to the noble gases due to full electron shells

Mercury (Hg)

Historically thought to prolong life but was toxic

Mercury (Hg)

Used to trace Lewis and Clark's trail because their laxatives contained this element

Mercury (Hg)

Applications: thermometers, barometers, dental filling (Hg in Ag), fluorescent lights, calomel electrode

Lanthanides

Similar to Sc and Y

Lanthanides

highly reactive with halogens and chalcogens

Lanthanides

Common oxidation states are +3, sometimes +2 and +4