Studied by 3 people
psychological disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
medical model
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
epigenetics
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
DSM-5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
social anxiety disorder
intense fear and avoidance of social situations
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minuteslong episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
major depressive disorder
a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
bipolar disorder
a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
mania
a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common
rumination
compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes
schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression
psychotic disorders
a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
delusion
a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
chronic schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten
acute schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic even
somatic symptom disorder
a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause
conversion disorder
a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions
illness anxiety disorder
a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
dissociative disorders
controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative identity disorder
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
personality disorders
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person's binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
binge-eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without compensatory behavior
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