chapter 23- microbial diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system

the cardiovascular system circulates … through the body’s …

the cardiovascular system circulates … through the body’s …

blood, tissues

in the lymphatic system, … leaves blood capillaries to become ….

plasma, interstitial fluid

lymph capillaries transport … to … and lymph nodes

lymph, lymphatics

lymph nodes contain fixed …, …, and …

macrophages, B cells, and T cells

what are swollen lymph nodes called

buboes

the plague is caused by what virus (genus and species)

Yersinia pestis

what is Yersinia pestis transmitted by

rat flea

the rat flea is considered to be the…

vector

what is the reservoir for the plague

wild or domestic rodents

what type of transmission is involved in the plague

biological

Yersinia pestis is a gram-…. bacteria

negative

what shape is Yersinia pestis

rod-shaped

Yersinia pestis has … plasmids which contain … factors

3, virulence

Yersinia pestis have the ability to make a … layer

slime

what does a slime layer prevent

phagocytosis and destruction

what is the most common type of plague

bubonic

bubonic plague is bacterial growth in the … and …

blood and lymph

what is the mortality rate of the bubonic plague

50-75%

what is septicemic plague

septic shock due to bacteria in the blood

in pneumonic plague where is the bacteria found

lungs

pneumonic plague is easily spread by …

airborne droplets

pneumonic plague has a near … mortality

100%

antibiotic … for exposure

prophylaxis

biological transmission is known to be… transmission

zoonotic

human to human direct contact is known to be … transmission

bubonic

droplet/ airborne transmission is known as … transmission

pulmonic

the plague was known to be an … … disease

explosive pandemic

how many deaths were in the 6th century plague

30-50 million

how many deaths were in the 14th century plague

75-200 million

bacteria blocks the flea’s … tract

digestive

(SHORT ANSWER QUESTION) role of the flea in infection of the plague

1. flea bite host

2. ingested blood is regurgitated into the host

3. bacteria entered bloodstream

4. proliferate in lymph tissue

5. causes buboes

what are the 3 plasmids found in Yersinia pestis

Yops

Ysc

capsule

Yops and Ysc are used to invade … though the use of membrane receptors and then use … … to protect themselves and multiply

macrophages, intracellular proteins

incubation period for pneumonic plague is … to … days

1-3

incubation period for bubonic plague is … to … days

2-6

what are the three major symptoms of the plague

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

pneumonia

meningitis

what is the usual cause of death for someone with the plague

endotoxic shock

what bacteria causes Lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi is a gram … bacteria

negative

what shape is Borrelia burgdorferi found in

spirillum

Borrelia burgdorferi has a …

endoflagella

what does an endoflagella allow bacteria to do

allows them to swim against blood flow

what is the vector for Lyme disease

tick

what is the reservoir for Lyme disease

field mice

what is the transmission type for Lyme disease

biological

Ticks feed on … (which are never actually infected)

deer

ticks must attach for … to … days to transfer bacteria

two to three

Lyme disease is … to many geographic regions

endemic

during the first phase of Lyme disease there will be a …-… rash and they will experience … symptoms

bull’s eye, flulike

what are the symptoms of the second phase of Lyme disease (4)

irregular heartbeat

encephalitis

facial paralysis

memory loss

… is experience in the third phase of Lyme disease due to a immune response

arthritis

Lyme disease is regularly treated with…

antibiotics

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 1

uninfected six-legged larva hatches from egg and develops

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 2

larva feeds on small animal, become infected with Borrelia burgdorferi

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 3

larva is dormant

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 4

larva develops into eight-legged nymph

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 5

nymph feeds on animal or human, transmitting infection

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 6

nymph develops into adult tick

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 7

adults ticks feed on deer and mate

(life cycle of tick, vector of Lyme disease) step 8

female tick lays eggs