Fundamentals of criminal investigation and intelligence

Introduction

Investigare or Investigatus

Latin word of investigation which means to trace or track

Vestigium

A latin word for investigation which literally meant footprint

1720

Year which the history of investigation started in england

Jonathan Wild

He was the most famous theif cathcer in 1720'S for pioneering the logic or "Employing a theif to catch a theif"

2 Classes of Early theif catcher

Hirelings and Social Climbers

Hirelings

Whose motivations were mercenary in nature

Social Climbers

Who would implicate their accomplices in order to move up the social ladder

Henry Fielding

In 1749, he founded the group of non-uniformed thief catchers attached to the Bow Street Court, whose function was to detect and watch criminals

Sir John Fielding

The blind younger brother of Henry Fielding who took over the control of the Bow street court in 1753.

Sir John Fielding

He coined Bow street runner (from Bow street court)

Bow street runner

Considered as the first privately paid group to follo-up investigation of crime

Sir John Fielding

He initiated the practice of developing paid informants, printing wanted notices, employing criminal raids, and bearing firearms and handcuffs.

Eugene Francios Vidocq

in 1811, he is a former convict who became a paris investigator who introduces the trade protection policy, which became the forerunner of the credit card system

Sir Robert Peel

In 1829, london, he founded the London Metropolitan Police- the SCOTLAND YARD bobbies.

Sir Robert Peel

The father of modern policing system

Texas Rangers

Created in 1835, it was the first law enforcement agency with statewide investigative authority, the forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Allan Pinkerton

In 1852, he became America's most famous private investigator, who was considered the founder of the American criminal investigation system.

Allan Pinkerton

Spearheaded the use of telegraph, the railroads and photography

Allan Pinkerton

He can also be credited with establishing the practice of handwriting examination in US courts

Allan Pinkerton

Credited for perfecting the techniques of undercover investigation

Mrs. Kate Warne

In 1856, she was the first woman detective hired by Allan Pinkerton agency.

Howard Vincent

A civilian lawyer who became the head of the Criminal Investigation Department was hired by Sir Robert Peel.

Alphonse Bertillon

A French police clerk who was recognized as the founder of criminal identification for introducing the first systematic identification system based on anthropometry.

Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle

Was a british writer and physician, most noted for creating the fictional Detective Sherlock Holmes and writing stories about him which led to the public consciousness for forensic science.

Dr. Hans Gross

Was an Australian Criminal jurist who published the book "Criminal Investigation," introducing the first comprehensive description of physical evidence in solving problems.

Dr. Hans Gross

Credited in coining the word "CRIMINALISTICS"

Dr. Hans Gross

He is the father of Criminalistics or criminal investigation.

Dr. Paul Kirk

One of the best known american criminalist, headed the Department of Criminalistics at the University of California, USA.

Mapp vs. Ohio

In 1961, the US supreme court ruled in this case that "illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible." The case that established the "Doctrine of the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree"

Miranda vs. Arizona

In 1966, a case that established the rights of a person under custodial investigation.