PARASITOLOGY II (BOARD EXAM)

PREPARED BY: KERFELCEL B. RETORIANO, RMT

HEMOFLAGELLATES

Oval to elongated body and nucleus with single flagellum arising from kinetoplast

• BLOOD

• LYMPH NODES

• MUSCLES

• RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM

Hemoflagellates mainly affects?

1. AMASTIGOTE

2. PROMASTIGOTE

3. EPIMASTIGOTE

4. TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Four (4) Morphological stages of Hemoflagellates:

AMASTIGOTE

This is known as the Leishmanial form or Leishman-Donovan body?

AMASTIGOTE

Round to oval, lacks flagellum found in RES of man

AMASTIGOTE

It is the primary diagnostic form of Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi

AMASTIGOTE

Seen in T. cruzi and Leishmania as intracellular form in vertebrate host (inside WBC)

5 × 3 UM

Size of Amastigote? 

PROMASTIGOTE

This is known as the Leptospiral form?

PROMASTIGOTE

Lanceolate shaped; kinetoplast is anterior to nucleus (ante-nuclear kinetoplast)

PROMASTIGOTE

It is found in the mid gut of insect vector; RARELY seen in blood

PROMASTIGOTE

this is the infective stage of Leishmania?

• BLOOD

• LYMPH NODES

• ULCER ASPIRATION

• TISSUE BIOPSY

• BONE MARROW

• CSF

What are the specimen of choice for Promastigote (Leishmania)?

PROMASTIGOTE

This stage is ONLY visible if the blood sample is taken immediately after transmission into an healthy individual?

9 - 15 UM

What is the size of Promastigote?

EPIMASTIGOTE

Elongated, kinetoplast is placed close to the nucleus (juxtanuclear kinetoplast)

EPIMASTIGOTE

Flagellum arises from the lateral side and traverses the body as a short undulating membrane and comes out from anterior end

EPIMASTIGOTE

Seen from Trypanosoma in insect vector

EPIMASTIGOTE

NOT present in Leishmania but present in Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi

9 - 15 UM

What is the size of Epimastigote?

TRYPOMASTIGOTE

This is known as the Trypanosomal form?

TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Elongated and spindle shaped with central nucleus

TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Flagellum arises posteriorly and runs as long undulating membrane

TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Infective stage of Trypanosoma found in insect vector and peripheral blood of humans

TRYPOMASTIGOTE

Primary diagnostic form of Trypanosomes

12 - 35 UM

What is the size of Trypomastigote?

1. VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

2. CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

3. MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Infections of Leishmaniasis can be generalized in 3 characteristics: 

Leishmania donovani

What is under Visceral Leishmaniasis?

• Leishmania tropica

• Leishmania aethiopica

• Leishmania major

• Leishmania mexicana

What is under Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?

Leishmania braziliensis

What is under Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis?

Leishmania tropica

This is known as Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis?

Leishmania tropica

Causes Oriental sore, Aleppo button, Baghdad or Jericho boils?

SAND FLY

What is the Vector of Leishmania tropica?

Leishmania tropica

Disease caused is localized cutaneous infection?

ZOONOTIC

What is the MOT of Leishmania tropica?

Leishmania braziliensis

This is known as the American Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis?

Leishmania braziliensis

This causes Espunda bubas (chiclero), UTA, Pian boils (Forest yaws)

BIOPSY OF INFECTED ULCERS

Specimen of choice of Leishmania braziliensis?

DR. MONTENEGRO SKIN TEST

Diagnostic test for Leishmania braziliensis?

SAND FLY

What is the vector of Leishmania braziliensis?

Leishmania braziliensis

Disease caused is ulcer produced weeping lesion?

ZOONOTIC

What is the MOT of Leishmania braziliensis?

Leishmania donovani

This is known as the Visceral Leishmaniasis?

Leishmania donovani

This is the causative agent of Kala-Azar, Dum Dum Fever, and Black Fever?

GIEMSA STAIN BUFFY COAT FROM VENOUS BLOOD

Specimen of choice for Leishmania donovani?

Leishmania donovani

Disease caused is splenomegaly associated with severe anemia which RESEMBLES diagnosis of MALARIA? 

ARTHROPONOTIC, OCCASSIONALLY ZOONOTIC

What is the MOT of Leishmania donovani?