ENGLISH S1 FINAL EXAM (sophomore)

claim

The main idea of your argument

reason

You’re reasoning behind why you believe the

support

Logical evidence behind your Reason

Counter argument

presenting the other sides argument and saying why they are still wrong and you are right

Strawman

Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack

appeal To emotion

Attempting to manipulate an emotional response and place of a valid or compelling argument

Ad hominem

attacking your opponents character or Personal traits In an attempt to undermine their argument

Begging the question

Presenting a circular argument in which the conclusion was included in the premise

Slippery slope

Saying that if we allow it to happen then he will eventually happen to therefore a should not happen

Bandwagon

Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something in a Attempted form of validation

Appeal to authority

saying that because an authority thinks something it must therefore be true

tu quoque

Avoiding having to engage with criticism by turning it back on the accuser - You answer criticism with criticism

ethos

The use of credible source to persuade people

pathos

The use of emotion to persuade people

logos

The use of logic to persuade people

Ambition (theme of Macbeth)

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s desire for power leads to murder and their downfall. Shakespeare shows how _______ can destroy people.

Fate vs. Free will (theme)

The witches’ prophecies make us question if Macbeth’s actions are his choice or if he’s controlled by ___.

guilt (theme)

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth feel ____ after their crimes. This ___ drives Macbeth to paranoia and Lady Macbeth to madness.

evil (theme)

The play shows how people can be tempted by ____, like Macbeth turning from a good man into a tyrant.

appearance vs. reality (theme)

Things aren’t always what they seem. Characters lie and hide their true intentions, and the witches give tricky prophecies.

order vs. chaos (theme)

Killing the king causes ____ in Scotland. Shakespeare shows how breaking the rules of society leads to disaster.

blood (Symbol)

guilt and violence

dagger (symbol)

ambition and path to murder

weather/storm (symbol)

chaos and disruption in nature and society

sleep (symbol)

innocence peace and guilt (lack of sleep shows guilt)

witches (symbol)

fate and the supernatural

Irony

Use of language to convey meaning different than what Is said. Expresses contradiction between what is expected to happen and what happens

Verbal iron

A contrast between the literal interpretation of a statement and its implied meaning. Specifically when the implied meaning carries the author real meaning

Sarcasm

Mock praise. Verbal irony aimed at a person with the intent to offend or wound

Situational irony

contrast between what is reasonable to expect and what Happens

structural irony

Author subvert expectation through the use of an unreliable narrator or naïve protagonist. The audience knows their experience of the world is different even when they do not

Dramatic irony

The audience is aware of the plot development of which a character is unaware