B) elements, compounds and mixtures

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11 Terms

1
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element definition

  • substance that can’t be split into anything simpler by chemical means

  • contains only one type of atom

  • e.g. oxygen gas, a pure metal (like Mg), diamond

<ul><li><p>substance that can’t be split into anything simpler by chemical means</p></li><li><p>contains only one type of atom</p></li><li><p>e.g. oxygen gas, a pure metal (like Mg), diamond</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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compound definition

  • formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine

  • e.g. water, sodium chloride

<ul><li><p>formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine</p></li><li><p>e.g. water, sodium chloride</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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mixture definition

  • various substances mixed together + no chemical reaction occurs

<ul><li><p>various substances mixed together + no chemical reaction occurs</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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filtration is used to…

separate a solid from a liquid

(two solids if one is soluble in water)

5
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describe a filtration experiment

  1. use a funnel and filter paper in a beaker

  2. substance left in filter paper (sand) = residue

  3. liquid that comes through (water) = filtrate

<ol><li><p>use a funnel and filter paper in a beaker</p></li><li><p>substance left in filter paper (sand) = residue</p></li><li><p>liquid that comes through (water) = filtrate</p></li></ol><p></p>
6
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crystallisation can be used to…

separate a solute (one which dissolved) from a solution

7
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how to make pure salt from rock salt

  • crush the rock salt + mix with hot water, salt dissolves and the impurities dont

  • filter off the impurities, leave them on filter paper

  • filtrate is called salt solution

  • you can get the solid salt from the solution by crystallisation

8
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simple distillation can be used to…

seperate the components of a solution

e.g. water can be separated from salt solution

9
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fractional distillation can be used to…

separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points

e.g. ethanol and water

10
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Rf value equation

Rf = distance moved by spot/ distant moved by solvent

11
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how a chromatogram provides information about the composition of a mixture

  • a pure substance produces one spot on the chromatogram

  • an impure substance, or mixture, produces two or more spots.