church history

witness to the saving message of Christ through the sacrifice of one’s life is known as _____

martyrdom

in the year 64 AD, what emperor began his systematic persecution of Christians by blaming them for starting a fire that consumed most of Rome?

Nero

____ was a heresy that threatened the early Church with its belife that Jesus, fully divine but not fully human, was the key to acquiring a knowledge or wisdom sufficient to free believers from their physical bodies and the materal world, and thereby exist in a purely spiritual manner

gnosticism

What firmly taught and recognized the divinity of the Holy Spirit and his coequal relationship to God the Father and God the Son

The council of constantinople

Who was a towering intellectual mid in the early church and was most well known for writing his “confessions and “City of god”

St. Augustine

One who speaks or writes in defence of something or someone is known as a

apologist

___ was an early Christian apologist and bishop responsible for writing seven letters to christians encouraging them to remain faithful to apostolic teaching

St Ignatius of Antioch

What rejected the Arian heresy and taught that Jesus, fully divine, was consubstantial with God the Father

The council of Nicea

The assembly of bishops, headed by the pope, that holds the teaching authority and responsibility in the Church is called the

college of bishops

____ was a early apologist and bishop who defended the church against the Gnostic heresy though his theological writings, and who is responsible for promulgating the “recapitulation Theory of atonement.”

St Ireuaneus

____ was issued in 313 by Emperor ___ declared Christianity as a religion to be tolerated within the Roman Empire, thereby ending the period of persecution of Christians.

Edict of Toloration/Milan, Constantine

What developed in the lte 3rd century and was a heresy that denied Christ’s full divinity, stating that Christ was a created being who was superior to humanit but inferior to God

Arianism

___ Is a title officially bestowed by the Church on those saints who are highly esteemed for their theological writing as well as their personal holiness

Doctor of the Church

A ___ is an official gathering of the Church’s bishops from around the world convened by the Pope, or approved by him to address pressing issues within the Church

ecumenical council

The Nestorian heresy, which taught that mary was not the Theotokos, or the Mother of God, but rather the mother of the human jesus, was rejected at the ____ and the ____

council of ephesus and Council of Chalcedon

___ was the bishop of milan who, along with st monica was instrumental in bringing about the conversion of St. Augustine

St. Ambrose

Durrng the early centuries of the Church, the writings of the ___ extended the Tradition of the Apostles and are still important today for the Church’s teaching

Church Fathers

St. Jerome is best known for which contribution to the life of the church?

Translating the bible from its original Hebrew and Greek into Latin, forming the major part of the Vulagate

St. Augustine is best known for which contribution to the life of the Church?

Defending the Church against the heretical teaching of Arius

St. John Chrysostom is best known for which contribution to the life of the church

Preaching against the abuse of authority, which earned him a nickname meaning “golden mouthed”

Pope st. Leo the great is best known for which contribution to the life of the church?

Promulgating the theory of the Hypostatic Union or dual nature of jesus Christ

St. Justin Martyr is best known for which contribution to the life of the church

• Authoring several apologetic works such as First apology second apology and Dialogue with the jew, tryphon

• using his knowledge of classical gree philosophy like Stoicism and platonism to teach about the reasonableness of Christianity

• being martyred for not offering sacrifice to pagan gods

___ one of the great medieval mystics and a doctor of the Church is credited with persuading Pope gregory XI to return to the Church’s headquaters form Avigon Rome

St Cathrine of Siena

The crusaders brought back the works of _____ which influenced the scholastics of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, including Thomas Aquinas

Greek Philosophers

For the church the ____ brought a drastic loss of clergy and the scramble to replace them meant that sometimes men ill-prepared to be priests were ordained

black death

Ath the end of the crusades jerusalem was under ___ control

Turkish muslim

____ was a system that evolved in Western Europe in the eighth and ninth centuries in which society was ordered around relationships deriving from hold of land in exchange for service and protection

FEUDALISM

a ___ is a person who lives a solitary life in order to commit herself or himself more fully to prayer and in some cases to be completely free to perform service for others

hermit

the ___ began in the 15th century and was authorized by pope sixtus IV but was quicky taken over by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, who used it to stamp out any opposition to their leadership and establish comformity to Catholic orthodoxy

Spanish Inquisition

A —— is a vessel in which the consecrated host is exposed for the adoration fo the faithful

monstrance

the —- began in the 13th century and had its primary aim to root out heresies and to return the heretic to orthodox Catholicism

papal inquisition

st clare of assisi was responsible for creating a mendicant order of sisters affectionately known as the ___

poor clares

Members of ___ religious orders involved themselves in the world preaching and teaching and serving the poor traveling from town to town and relying on charity for their basic needs

medicant

___ was a method of learning that emphasized dialectical reasoning in which two people with opposing viewpoints about a subject arrive at the truth by dialouge with reasoned arguments

Scholasticism

___ was a scholastic thinker and a member of of the dominican order who wrote the summa theologica seeking in part to provide proof of the existence of god and how we are to live in relationship with HIM

St. Thomas Aquinas

____ is the church’s doctrine that substance of bread and wine is transformed in the Eucharist into the real presence of jesus christ though his body and blood

transubstantiation

the practice of_____ refers to displaying and praying before the exposed blessed sacrament; the practice first became an established devotion in the medieval church and continues to today

Eucharistic adoration

A prominent scholastic thinker, _____ promoted “faith seeking understanding” and encouraged christians to inquire into the truths of scripture

Anselem of canterbury

____ was a famous for exxplanations of aristotle’s philosophy and perfected the technique of theological inquiry with a metod in which the quaestio (question) led to interrogation (investigation) follwed by disputatio (argument and final resolution)

peter abelard

______ was a scholastic thinker who emphasized the importance of understanding scripture

Blessed John Duns Scotus

___ convened by pope innocent III enforced clerical celibacy and defined transubstantiation in relation to the eucharist

lateran councel IV

the ___ celebrates the tradition and belife in the body and blood of jesus christ and his real presence in the eucharist

feast of corups cristi

Whih of the following saints was not associated with the develppment of western monasticism

st augustine

all of the following statements characterize st benedicts community as monte cassino exept?

the monks took vows of chastity and obedience but not poverty

during his papacy pope gregory (or hildenbrand) initiated reforms of which common practice in the early medieval church

• simony the buying or selling of something spiritual, such as a grace, a sacrament, or a relic

• the marriage of priests (clerical celibacy)

• lay investiture the practice by6 which a high ranking secular leader could appoint bishops or abbots and require their loyalty

which of the following was not a cause of eastern schism

military conquest by the turks

Which of the following events widened the split between the eastern and western churches during the fourth crusades

the crusaders pillaged constantinople vandalized sacred places and attacked the citizens

Which of the following descrives the great western or papal schism

a split within the chruch that lasted from 1378 to 1417, when there were two or three claimanats to the papacy at once

This Chancellor of England was executed for following his conscience and refusing to contradict Church teaching about the primacy of the Pope.

St. Thomas Moore

These were originally intended to encourage Christians to do good as penance for their sins.

Indulgence

Books of the Old Testament that do not appear in the Hebrew Scripture but are accepted by the Church as part of the canon of Scripture.

deuterocanonical

This invention promoted scholarship during the Renaissance, making knowledge widely available to people.

printing press

An invitation toward conversion, involving the removal of sin and the gift of God's sanctifying grace to renew holiness, and accomplished by Christ's Paschal Mystery.

justification

The Protestant term for writings about Jesus or the Christian message that many Protestant confessions do not include in the canon of Sacred Scripture.

apocrypha

A term that means "rebirth."

renaissance

The belief that each person's fate after death is already determined by God and that no one can do anything to change it. Espoused by Protestant groups in Switzerland.

predestination

An ecumenical council that served as the Catholic Church's official response to the Protestant Reformation

council of trent

A form of government in which God is understood to be head of the state, ruling by divine guidance granted to its clergy or other ruling officials.

theocracy

distinguishing characteristic of the Renaissance was ______ which sought to revive classical learning and promote achievements in scholarship, art, music, and architecture.

humanism

Because the Renaissance popes constantly needed money to fund their lavish building and arts projects, they sought new sources of revenue, including the sale of _____.

indulgences

Seeking to preach reform of abuses in the Church, Martin Luther posted his ____ on the door of the church in Wittenberg, in present-day Germany.

Ninety-five Theses

Luther believed that _____ comes solely by divine grace (sola gratia), an unearned gift of God, and is not merited by the sinner.

salvation

Despite officially breaking with the Catholic Church to create the Church of England, _____ rejected Lutheran teaching and never considered himself a Protestant.

Henry VIII.

Like Lutherans, ____ believed in the supreme authority of Scripture alone, but they also denied Christ's presence in the Eucharistic elements and preferred simple worship without elaborate ritual or ornamentation.

Calvinists

Among its key decrees, the Council of Trent confirmed the inclusion of the ____ in the canon of Scripture, previously rejected by Martin Luther.

deuterocanonical books

The Council of Trent inaugurated the _____, outlining reforms and clarifying points of doctrine.

Catholic Reformation

The Jesuit order was founded by ____ a soldier who was seriously injured, began to study the lives of the saints, and realized that only a life lived for God held any meaning for him.

Ignatius of loyola

Saint Teresa of Ávila founded the order of ____ which emphasized poverty, simplicity, contemplation, and prayer

Discalced Carmelites

Biblical accounts of the events and people responsible for shaping the early Christian Church can be found in the _____

Acts of the apostles

The New Testament was likely developed in four distinct stages, including the _____, an ______, a

_______, and a process of ______

Life and teachings of Jesus, oral tradition, written tradition, canonization

_____ is the free and undeserved gift of God's loving and active presence in our lives, empowering us to respond to His call and to live as His sons and daughters.

grace

The term "Messiah" is a Hebrew word meaning _____ and is often used as a description of Jesus Christ

anointed one

A _____ is a personal, solemn promise of faithful love that involves mutual commitments and creates sacred relationships.

covenant

On the _____, saul encountered the Risen Christ and received his Apostolic call to become an Apostle to the Gentiles.

Road to Damascus

_______ underwent a conversion experience on the road to Damascus and became "The Apostle to the Gentiles."

St paul the apostle

The uninterrupted passing on of the preaching and authority of the Apostles directly to all bishops is known as ______

Apostolic succession

The ____ is the heritage of faith contained in Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition.

Deposit of Faith

_____ was the first Pope and was the first to give witness to Jesus in speech to a large crowd at Pentecost.

St. Peter the Apostle

The Magisterium is the name given to the living, teaching office of the Church and consists of all ____ in communion with the ____

Bishops, Pope

One factor leading to the written stage of development of the New Testament was the _____ of St. Peter and Paul.

martyrdom

The Council of Jerusalem primarily dealt with the issue of how to welcome _____ into the Church

gentiles

Considered the birthday of the Church, _____ is the day on which Jesus' Apostles were filled the gifts of the _____ to begin the process of ______ and "making disciples of all nations."

pentacost, Holy Spirit, evangalizing

The term ____ means "one who is sent" and frequently refers to those special witnesses of Jesus on whose ministry the early Church was built.

apostles

At Pentecost, Peter called the crowd of witnesses to " _____ and be ______ " for the forgiveness of sins.

repent, baptized

St. paul the apostle was a _____, who prior to his conversion ____ chrisrtians

Pharisee, persecuted

The _____ is the law established by God in Jesus Christ to fulfill and perfect the Law of Moses (Mosaic Law)

New Covenant

True or False: The council of Jerusalem was resolved by declaring that Gentiles must first become Jewish if they wanted to become Christian

False: they dont have to become jewish

True or False: One factor that brought about the written stage of development of the New Testament was the delay of the Parousia (the second coming of Christ)

true

True or False: St. Paul’s 1st letter to the Thessalonians, dated c. 50 AD is the first example of Christian literature in the New Testament

True

True or False: St. Paul the Apostle is largely responsible, either by his own writing or by attribution for approximately half of the books in the New Testament

True

True or False: The writing of letters (epistles) to the early Christian communities was not an important part of the oral tradition stage of development of the New Testament.

False: were key in spreading and preserving the teachings of Jesus and addressing the theological and practical issues of the early Church.