Parasitology Exam 1

This occurs when a parasite has wandered from its normal site of infection into an organ and/or location where it does not normally live?

Aberrant parasite

What kills roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, and thorny-headed worms?

Anthelmintics

What kills mites and ticks?

Acaricides

What kills insects?

Insecticides

What kills protozoan organisms?

Antiprotozoal

Infects only one type of host

Homoxenous parasite

Has a very broad host range

Euryxenous parasite

What is the egg cap in which the larvae emerge from the egg called?

Operculum

T/F there is no approved treatment for feline heartworm

True

Where are the adult Dirofilaria immitis located in their host?

Pulmonary arteries; Right ventricle

The host for these parasites are feline. These larvae are coughed up, swallowed, and passed out in the feces. The common name for these parasites are the feline lungworm.

Aelurostrongylus abstrsus

This was found on the fecal of a horse. What is this parasite?

Parascaris equorum

This was found on a fecal flotation of a pig. What is this parasite?

Ascaris suum

With Eucestoda (true tapeworms) the proglottids intermediate from the scolex are the ____ proglottids?

Mature

What parasite is responsible for this in humans and what is the condition called?

Ancylostoma caninum, Cutaneous Larval Migrans

What is the treatment for Parascaris equorum (the equine roundworm)?

Ivermectin, Pasture Management, Piperazine, Benzimidazole, and Pyrantel

Which diagnostic method would you use to evaluate a horse for Oxyuris equi?

Cellophane tape test

What is the intermediate host for Taenia taeniaeformis?

Rats and Mice

Of the following, which is reportable? - Moniezia benedini, Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia taeniaeformis

Echinococcus granulosus

A fecal sample should not be refrigerated longer than?

24 hours

T/F - A direct fecal smear is good for viewing motile forms of protozoans, and it can be used as a sole method for evaluating an animal for parasites.

False

What solution is readily available, does not distort roundworm eggs, floats fewer eggs, and is messy to work with?

Sheather’s Solution

What solution is most efficient for flotation, can be purchased already prepared, forms crystals on slide, distorts eggs after a time, and is more expensive than sugar solution?

Sodium Nitrate Solution

This solution is similar to the sugar solutions. You can see cystic stages of intestinal protozoans with this the best.

Zinc Sulfate Solution

A 3 year old canine comes into the clinic for a routine visit. The owner mentioned that the dog has been biting at his forelimb and hindlimbs. Upon starting the physical exam you notice he is infested with fleas. You run a fecal and notice this parasite. Please name this.

Dipylidium caninum

This parasite was found in cattle feces. Please name the parasite.

Moniezia benedini

This parasite is found in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of cattle causing pain, and myositis. Please name this parasite.

Taenia saginata

The adults of this pseudotapeworm absorb vitamin B12 to such an extent that it causes significant anemia. The host includes dogs, cats, and humans. Please name this parsite.

Diphyllobothrium latum

What is the vermifuge treatment for Toxocara canis?

Pyrantel

When humans are infected with the Strongyloides species…what is the disease/diagnosis?

strongyloidiasis

The study of parsitic relationships affecting domesticated, exotic, wild, and laboratory animals.

Veterinary Parasitology

This occurs when the parasite is present on or within the host and is potentially pathogenic; however the animal does not exhibit any outward sign of disease.

Parasitiasis

This occurs when the parasite is present on or within the host and does produce obvious injury or harm to the host exhibiting obvious outward signs of disease.

Parasitosis

This host harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stages of the parasite.

Definitive host

This host harbors the larval, juvenile, immature, or asexual stages of the parasite.

Intermediate host

This is a vertebrate host in which the parasite or disease occurs in nature, and is a source of infection for both humans and domestic animals.

Reservoir host

T/F - Monogenetic flukes are common parasites of mammals

False

Which parasite is an example of a digenetic fluke?

Paragonimus kellicotti

T/F - Eucestodes (true tapeworms) have an alimentary canal

False

Which parasite is the largest nematode known to parasitize domesticated animals?

Dioctophyma renale

Name this nematode larvae.

Dirofilaria immitis

What is the 3rd stage of a nematode life cycle known as?

infective stage

The eggs produced by these nematodes contain and single cell stage.

Oviparous

The eggs produced by these nematodes contain a first stage larvae within the eggshell.

Ovoviviparous

These retain their eggs within the uterus and incubate them, then give birth to live larvae.

Larviparous

This is where there is an intermediate host in the life cycle.

Indirect life cycle

Tito, a 2 month old puppy, presents to the clinic with a pot bellied appearance and the owner states the puppy has worms that are round on both ends and bilateral symmetrical in his feces. Upon fecal floatation, you find this egg under the microscope. What parasite is this?

Toxocara canis

The Toxocara spp. is zoonotic. What does it cause in humans? 

Visceral larval migrans

This nematode common name is the raccoon roundworm and it causes neurological larval migrans in humans.

Baylisascaris procyonis

T/F - Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) feeds on blood and secretes an anticoagulant that causes the formers sites to continue to bleed causing significant anemia. 

True

Common name for this parasite is the human pinworm.

Enterobius vermicularis

The treatment options for Ascaris suum are…

Benzimidazoles, levamisole, ivermectin, pyrantel, piperazine, and hydromycin

This parasite was found in a foal. Please name the parasite.

Parascaris equorum

The common name for this parasite is the pig whipworm. Please name this parasite.

Trichuris suis

In dogs, the drug used to treat the adult heartworms is ____ and the drug used to treat the microfilariae is ____.

Immiticide; Ivermectin

This flotation solution is the best to use to see the cystic stages of intestinal protozoans.

Zinc sulfate solution

This is the most efficient flotation solution; however, it will form crystals on the slide and distort the eggs after a period of time.

Sodium nitrate solution

This type of parasiticide was developed to kill mites and ticks.

Acaricides

This type of parasiticide was developed to kill round worms, tapeworms, flukes, and thorny-headed worms.

Anthelmintics

When collecting a blood sample for evaluation, what is the minimum amount of blood that you should collect?

1.0 mL