Period 3

Virtual representation

British belief Parliament represented all subjects, including colonists.

Republicanism

Support for a republican system of government.

Quasi-War

Undeclared naval war between US and France (1798-1800).

Federalist

Advocate for a central authority in government.

Albany Plan of Union

Proposed a loose confederation of states against the French.

Battle of Saratoga

American victory that secured French alliance.

Battle of Bunker Hill

Early battle demonstrating American resolve despite loss.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Ended Revolutionary War, expanded US borders to Mississippi.

Declaratory Act (1766)

Asserted Parliament's right to govern the colonies.

Sugar Act (1764)

Taxed sugar and molasses imports to colonies.

Stamp Act (1765)

Taxed paper products used in the colonies.

Tea Act (1773)

Allowed British East India Company to sell tea cheaply.

Townshend Acts (1767)

Taxed imports like glass, tea, and paper.

Proclamation of 1763

Banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachians.

Intolerable Acts (1774)

Punished colonies after Boston Tea Party, closed Boston Harbor.

Trenton

Washington's first major victory against Hessians (1776).

Concord

Clash at Old North Bridge over weapon searches.

Yorktown

Final major battle, Cornwallis surrounded by American forces.

Philadelphia

Host city of the 2nd Continental Congress.

Valley Forge

Winter encampment where army was trained and disciplined.

Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness

Natural rights mentioned in the Declaration of Independence.

Judicial Review

Power of courts to determine constitutionality of laws.

Bi-Cameral

Legislature with two separate chambers or houses.

2nd Amendment

Protects people's right to keep and bear arms.

Benjamin Franklin

Ambassador to France, member of Continental Congress.

John Adams

Key figure in Congress, later became US President.

Samuel Adams

Radical leader of Sons of Liberty, signer of Declaration.

Thomas Jefferson

Primary author of the Declaration of Independence.

France

Known as America's oldest friend in the Revolutionary War.

Bi-cameral Congress

Congress consists of House and Senate.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Eminent Domain

Government can force property sale for public good.

10th Amendment

Powers not delegated default to states.

Tariff of 1789

Established federal government's power to tax.

5th Amendment

Protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy.

6th Amendment

Guarantees right to speedy trial and counsel.

Northwest Land Ordinances

Divided NW Territory into squares for statehood.

Bill Process

Must pass House, Senate, and be signed by President.

Election of 1796

John Adams won; Thomas Jefferson became VP.

Washington's Neutrality

Official position during French Revolution.

Hamilton vs. Jefferson

Hamilton favored industry; Jefferson favored agriculture.

Election of 1800

Burr and Jefferson tied in electoral votes.

US Constitution Principles

Includes federalism, checks and balances, separation of powers.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Restricted immigration and criticized government actions.

Washington's Farewell Address

Urged unity, avoidance of parties, and neutrality.

1st Amendment Freedoms

Protects speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

Shays' Rebellion

Protest revealing weaknesses of Articles of Confederation.

New Jersey Plan

Unicameral legislature with equal state representation.

Virginia Plan

Bicameral legislature based on population representation.

Great Compromise

Bicameral legislature with both population and equal representation.

Articles of Confederation Flaw

Inability to tax led to financial instability.

House of Representatives

Minimum age 25, 435 members, 2-year terms.

US Senate

Minimum age 30, 100 members, 6-year terms.

President

Minimum age 35, 4-year terms, natural born citizen.

Impartial Jury

Guaranteed right in the 6th Amendment.

Counsel

Right to legal representation in criminal cases.