beginning of story(exposition or en media res), inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution/denouement
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Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces
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rising action
Events leading up to the climax
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Climax
Most exciting moment of the story; turning point
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falling action
Events after the climax, leading to the resolution
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Resolution/Denouement
End of the story where loose ends are tied up
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initiation story
A narrative in which the main character, usually a child or adolescent, undergoes an important experience that prepares him or her for adulthood.
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Archetypal plot
universal plot that recurs in literature
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Protagonist
main character
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Antagonist
A character or force in conflict with the main character
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flat character
A character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story
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round character
A character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work
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static character
A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end
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dynamic character
A character who grows, learns, or changes as a result of the story's action
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foil character
A character who is used as a contrast to another character; the contrast emphasizes the differences between the two characters, bringing out the distinctive qualities in each.
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Flashback
A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events
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Exposition
a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.
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in medias res
in or into the middle of a plot; into the middle of things
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Narrator
Person telling the story
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first person narrator
a narrator within the story who tells the story from the "I" perspective
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third person narrator
a narrator outside of the action who tells the story from the he/she vantage point
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omniscient narrator
a narrator who is able to know, see, and tell all, including the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters
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Setting
The time and place of a story
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Theme
Central idea of a work of literature
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Allegory
a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.
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figurative language
Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.
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Metaphor
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
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Simile
A comparison of two unlike things using like or as
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Symbol
A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.
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Foreshadowing
A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.
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Sophocles
Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex
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the chorus
A group of characters in Greek tragedy (and in later forms of drama), who comment on the action of a play without participation in it.
What they do in story -> Beauty of poetry and dancing Communicates mood and central themes of drama Relieves (or builds) tension Converses with and gives advice to characters Gives background on preceding events
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Choragos
leader of the chorus
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situational irony
An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected
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dramatic irony
when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't
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Skene
building used as dressing room
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Proscenium
stage forward of curtain
açade of the skene—often served as “scenery” for play, i.e., front of temple or palance
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Parados
entrance of the chorus
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deus ex machina
In literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem.
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Thespis
first actor
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Dionysus
God of wine
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tragic hero
A literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy
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tragic flaw
A weakness or limitation of character, resulting in the fall of the tragic hero.
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Hubris
excessive pride or self-confidence; arrogance
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Hamartia
a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine
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joy before catastrophe
happiness before tragedy
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verisimilitude
the appearance of being true or real or events on stage are believable
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Peripeteia
a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, especially in reference to fictional narrative.
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mutability
changeability
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Chatharsis
the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.
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moment of recognition
when the hero realizes the consequences of his actions
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