Lab Midterm (Spring 2022)

anatomical position

superficial

toward the surface

deep

away from the surface

medial

nearer to the midline

lateral

away from the midline

dorsal/posterior

nearer to the back

ventral/anterior

nearer to the front

plantar

inferior (bottom) of the foot

palmar

palm of hand

proximal

nearer to the trunk or point of

distal

further from the trunk or point of

superior

above (towards the head)

inferior

below (towards the feet)

contralateral

on the opposite side of the body

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

sagittal plane

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

coronal/frontal plane

vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

transverse/horizontal plane

horizontal division into superior and inferior parts

head (of femur)

fovea (capitis)

neck (of femur)

greater trochanter

lesser trochanter

gluteal tuberosity

diaphysis (shaft)

linea aspera

adductor tubercle

medial condyle (of femur)

lateral condyle (of femur)

intercondylar notch (fossa)

patellar surface

medial epicondyle

lateral epicondyle

apical side

basal side

cell membrane

nucleus

lumen

hyaline cartilage

- form end of long bones where they meet to form joints
- found in tip of nose, connections of the ribs to sternum, and most respiratory system passages

ground substance (hyaline cartilage)

unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers

chondrocyte (hyaline cartilage)

mature cartilage cell inside lacunae

lacuna (hyaline cartilage)

small cavities in cartilage that holds chondrocyte

fibrocartilage

- found in intervertebral discs and knee menisci
- compressible and resists tension well
- contains collagen fibers

ground substance

white portion

collagen fibers

provides flexibility and strength

chondrocyte or fibroblast

cells that make collagen fibers

cortical bone

compact bone tissue

osteon

structural unit of compact bone

lacunae (cortical bone)

contain osteocyte

osteocyte

mature bone cell found in lacunae

central (Haversian) canal

- opening in the center of an osteon
- carries blood vessels and nerves

lamellae

perforating (Volkmann's) canal

ilium

anterior superior iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

posterior superior iliac spine

posterior inferior iliac spine

iliac crest

greater sciatic notch

ischium

ischial tuberosity

ischial spine

lesser sciatic notch

acetabulum

pubic bone

superior pubic ramus

inferior pubic ramus

obturator foramen

pubic tubercle

pubic symphyseal surface

pectineus

adductor longus

superficial

adductor brevis

deep

adductor magnus

deep

gracilis

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

deep

vastus medialis

tensor fascia latae

iliotibial band/tract

sartorius

great saphenous vein

vein

femoral artery

artery

femoral vein

vein

femoral nerve

nerve

biceps femoris (long head)

biceps femoris (short head)

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

sciatic nerve

nerve

iliacus

psoas major

gluteus maximus

superficial

gluteus medius

deep

gluteus minimus

deeper

piriformis

deep

hip flexion

hip extension