High Risk Newborns

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

chronic lung condition that affect newborns on vents or preemies, had RDS, lung immaturity, severe resp/lung infections.

Vent presses and damages epithelium, alveolar walls become fibrotic, lungs develop atelectasis and collapse.

s/s: tachycardia, tachypnea, increased work of breathing (retractions/nasal flaring) pallor, cyanosis, restlessness. Rx: O2, diuretics, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatories, increase cal formulas and hydration. Nursing: rest periods, monitor fluid overload, pulm edema, frequent resp assessment

What does a score of 0-3 mean for an APGAR score?

resuscitationThe baby needs immediate resusitation

What does a score of 4 to 6 mean for an APGAR score?

moderately abnormal

anything less then 6 is an issue

What does a score of 7-10 mean for an APGAR score?

rarely will the baby need resuscitation

fontanelles will be bulging in which babies?

hydrocephalus and increased ICP

it is normal in crying babies

fontanelles will be depressed in babies with

dehydration

Why are OG tube feedings preferred over NGT feedings in the nicu?

Neonates, especially preterm infants, breathe primarily through their noses (obligate nasal breathers). An NGT can partially obstruct the nasal passages, making it harder for them to breathe and increasing the risk of respiratory distress or desaturation. OG tubes avoid this issue by leaving the nasal passages unobstructed.

when seeing off NGT feedings, a nurse should

check the sucking reflex

what is pyloric stenosis

A condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens. it makes an OLIVE SHAPED MASS in the abdomen under the xiphiod process

S/S in pyloric stenosis infants

PROJECTILE VOMITING

palpable olive-shaped tumor in epigastrium

irritability

infant ALWAYS hungry but fails to gain weight

peristatic waves

How can a nurse incorporate the family in the babies care

encourage them to hold the baby, feed the baby, change diapers, rooming in, etc

respiratory distress syndrome

a severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory failure

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

chronic pulmonary disease that develops in premature infants who were treated with mechanical ventilation

s/s of BPD in infants

"stiff lungs"

crackles

decreased movement

wheezes

necrotizing enterocolitis

mostly preterm infants from underdeveloped intetestin/gut immunity so bacteria is introduced into bowel and get worse fast bc compromised immunity

inflammation and ischemic necrosis of the intetsine

pogression causes bowel congestion and gangrenous with gas forming inside bowel wall

IVH

intraventricular hemorrhage

what are the stages of intraventricular hemorrhage

1- confined to original bleeding location

2-bleed extends to ventricles

3-bleed continues into ventricles and ventricle size continues

4-bleeds into brain tissue

retinopathy of prematurity

retinal tissue is replaced with fibrous tissue due to using high levels of oxygen therapy in premature babies with immature lungs