Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from Recombinant DNA Technology in Biotechnology, focusing on techniques relevant to COVID-19 detection and vaccine development.

Biotechnology

The use of microorganisms to make practical products.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique used to amplify DNA segments.

Denaturation

The process of heating DNA to separate its strands.

Annealing

The stage in PCR where primers bind to the DNA template.

Extension

The process in PCR where DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method used to separate DNA molecules based on size and shape.

Real-time PCR

A technique that detects DNA as it is being copied using fluorescing primers.

Sanger Sequencing

A method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA using chain-terminating nucleotides.

Restriction Enzymes

Proteins used to cut DNA at specific sequences.

Recombinant DNA Technology

A set of techniques used to manipulate DNA for various applications.

Vectors

Nucleic acid molecules used to deliver genes into cells.

Transformation

The process of introducing foreign DNA into a cell.

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)

A technique used to analyze variations in DNA fragments.

DNA Fingerprinting

A method used to identify individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS)

A modern sequencing technology that allows rapid sequencing of large amounts of DNA.

Subunit vaccines

Vaccines that use harmless pieces of the pathogen to stimulate an immune response.

cDNA

Complementary DNA synthesized from RNA.

Gene gun

A device used to introduce DNA into cells using high-velocity microprojectiles.