Selective Breeding and Cloning Flashcards

Flashcards for Selective Breeding and Cloning

Selective Breeding

Use natural reproduction to obtain desired characteristics.

Natural Reproduction

Organisms of the same species mate to produce offspring.

Desired Characteristics

Traits that are selected for in offspring through selective breeding.

Purebred Animals

Animals that are the result of selective breeding for specific traits.

Seedless Fruit

Fruits that are the result of selective breeding to remove seeds.

Hip Dysplasia

A recessive genetic disorder common in certain dog breeds due to decreased variation from selective breeding.

Cloning

Creating an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.

Asexual Reproduction

A method of reproduction that results in a clone.

Donor Cell

A cell taken from an organism that is used in the cloning process.

Egg Cell

A cell taken from an adult female that is used in the cloning process.

Surrogate Mother

A female organism that carries a cloned embryo to term.

Embryo

The developing organism that results from the cloning process.

Nucleus Donor

The source of the genetic material in cloning; determines the traits of the clone.

Genetic Engineering

Process used to alter the genetic code of an organism.

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific base sequence sites.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)

An organism whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering.

Bt Corn

A genetically modified corn that produces a toxin to kill corn caterpillar.

Gene

A DNA base sequence that codes for proteins, which determine traits.

DNA Fingerprints

A method used to identify people based on their DNA.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

DNA Amplification in order to produce large amounts of DNA from trace amounts of DNA

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique used to separate DNA based on size using an electrical field.

Mule

Hybrid of a horse and a donkey, known for strength, endurance, and calm temperament.

Burbank Potato

Disease-resistant potato developed by Luther Burbank to combat the potato famine.

Decreases Variation

A disadvantage of selective breeding, reducing the gene pool.

Ethics in Cloning

Moral considerations surrounding cloning technologies.

Legal Issues in Cloning

The regulation of cloning technologies.

Social Issues in Cloning

The potential impact of cloning technologies on society.

Medical Reasons for Genetic Engineering

Using genetic engineering to produce beneficial proteins for humans.

Golden Rice

A genetically modified rice that produces vitamin A.

Recombinant DNA

DNA that has been formed by combining genetic material from different sources.

DNA Amplification

Increasing the amount of DNA through PCR.

Negative Charge

The electrical charge of DNA that causes it to move towards the positive side in gel electrophoresis.

DNA fragments

Pieces of DNA cut by restriction enzymes and separated by size.

Trace Amounts of DNA

Samples used found in samples such as blood, tissue, semen, urine, hair,teeth, saliva or bone

Evolutionary relationships

Gel electrophoresis provides a tool to determine similarities and differences in DNA , providing data for plotting evolutionary pathways

Medical Diagnostics

Gel electrophoresis can be used in diagnosing medical conditions

Forensics

Gel electrophoresis results can be compared at the crime scene

Sticky ends

The result of cuts created when using restriction enzymes

Scientific American

Resource used to learn about genetically modified foods

single origin

the use of same DNA code among organism provides evidence of single origin