Cardio/Respiratory Cards

Mouth/Nose

The entry points for air into the respiratory system, where air is warmed, moistened, and filtered.

Pharynx

The muscular tube that connects the mouth and nasal passages to the larynx and esophagus, playing a role in both the respiratory and digestive systems.

Larynx

The voice box located between the pharynx and trachea, responsible for sound production and protecting the airway during swallowing.

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway.

Trachea/Windpipe

The tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air to pass to and from the lungs.

Bronchus

The main passageway that branches from the trachea into each lung, leading to smaller bronchi and bronchioles.

Bronchioles

The smaller branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

Capillaries around alveoli

Small blood vessels that surround the alveoli, facilitating the exchange of gases between the air and the bloodstream.

Lungs

The primary organs of the respiratory system, responsible for gas exchange and the intake of oxygen.

Gas Exchange

The process by which oxygen is transferred from the alveoli to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood to the alveoli.

Difference between external and internal respiration

External respiration refers to gas exchange at the lungs, while internal respiration refers to gas exchange at the body cells.

Purpose of Gas Exchange

To supply oxygen to the body for cellular respiration and to remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism.

What controls breathing?

Breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the brainstem, which responds to carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Parts of the Heart

Includes the atria, ventricles, valves, and major blood vessels, each playing a role in pumping blood throughout the body.

Blood Flow Through the Heart

Blood flows from the body into the right atrium, through the right ventricle to the lungs, then returns to the left atrium and is pumped out through the left ventricle to the body.

Purpose of Valves

To prevent backflow of blood and ensure it flows in one direction through the heart.

Systemic vs Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, while pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Structure and Function of Veins, Arteries, and Capillaries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure; veins carry blood back to the heart; capillaries facilitate exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

What does blood pressure measure?

Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of the arteries, with normal values typically around 120/80 mmHg.

Systolic vs Diastolic Pressure

Systolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries during heartbeats, while diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.

Types of Blood Cells and Functions

Red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells are involved in immune response, and platelets are crucial for blood clotting.

Connection between Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

The cardiovascular system transports oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs for exhalation.