Untitled Flashcards Set

Face (in face theory)

The positive public image we seek to establish in social interactions, akin to self-image.

Positive face

An individual's desire to be liked and appreciated by others; similar to self-esteem.

Negative face

An individual's desire to protect their personal rights and freedoms in communication.

Positive politeness

Strategies that appeal to a person's positive face to enhance their self-esteem or make them feel good.

Negative politeness

Strategies that appeal to a person's negative face to avoid imposing on them.

Face-threatening acts

Communication behaviors that can damage a person's positive or negative face.

Bald on-record

A politeness strategy that involves direct communication with no attempt to lessen face-threat.

Positive politeness strategies

Methods aimed at making the listener feel good about themselves and fostering friendliness.

Negative politeness strategies

Methods designed to minimize imposition on the listener and respect their autonomy.

Off-record (indirect) strategy

A communication approach where the speaker avoids direct requests, relying on implied meaning.

Imposition

A situation where one person expects another to do something inconvenient or unwanted.

Ethnocentric

The tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own culture.

Sociological variables in politeness theory

Factors that determine the degree of politeness, including social distance, power difference, and face threat seriousness.

Saving face

A strategy used to avoid humiliation or embarrassment and maintain one's self-image.

Positive face-threatening acts

Behaviors that damage the listener's self-image, such as criticism or disapproval.

Negative face-threatening acts

Behaviors that impede the listener's autonomy, such as commands or strong emotional expressions.