5A: Windows Networking

Network interface card (NIC)

Adapter card for connecting hosts to a network

Subnet mask

Bits applied to an IP address to mask network ID

Internet Protocol (IP)

Network layer protocol providing packet addressing and routing

Domain Name System (DNS)

Service that maps domain names to IP addresses

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Protocol for automatically assigning IP addresses

Network Location Awareness (NLA)

Windows feature categorizing network profiles

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Secure tunnel between two endpoints over an unsecure network

Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)

Network covering a large area using wireless technologies

Proxy server

Server that mediates communications between a client and another server

Ethernet

Wired network connection using copper wire cable

Fiber optic cabling

Wired network connection using fiber optic cables

Device Manager

Location to configure Ethernet settings manually

Wireless network connection

Connecting to a wireless network using available networks

SSID

Network name or service set ID

WLAN settings

Manually inputting wireless network settings

Wi-Fi properties

Configuring properties for a wireless adapter

802.11 standard

Standard supported by a wireless card

Roaming aggressiveness

Adjustable parameter for wireless connection issues

IP addressing

Configuring IP address and subnet mask for an adapter

IPv4

32-bit address combined with a 32-bit subnet mask

IPv6

128-bit address with a 64-bit interface address portion

Logical network

Network identified by network prefixes within an IP address

Default gateway

IP address of a local router for forwarding packets

Domain Name System servers

Servers that resolve name resources to IP addresses

Static configuration

Manually assigning IP values to a host

Dynamic configuration

Automatically obtaining IP address using DHCP

Client for Microsoft Networks

Software for network client functionality

File and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks

Software for file and printer sharing functionality

Link-layer Topology Discovery

Provides network mapping and discovery functions

Firewall

Controls network connections and access

Windows Defender Firewall

Firewall software in Windows

Network profile

Type of network connection (Public, Private, Domain)

UNC syntax

Universal name convention for addressing network hosts

Windows Defender Security Center

Location to configure Windows Defender Firewall

VPN

Connects private networks over a public network

WWAN

Connects to the internet using a cellular network

Metered connection

Defines a network with limited data allowance

Proxy servers

Servers that improve performance and security

Intercepting proxy

Proxy server that doesn't require configuration

TCP port

Port used to forward traffic via a proxy

Network and Internet settings

Location to configure proxy settings

What is a network interface card (NIC)?

Adapter card that provides Ethernet ports for connecting hosts to a network

What is a subnet mask?

Number of bits applied to an IP address to mask the network ID portion

What is Internet Protocol (IP)?

Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite providing packet addressing and routing

What is Domain Name System (DNS)?

Service that maps domain names to IP addresses

What is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

Protocol used to automatically assign IP addressing information to hosts

What is Network Location Awareness (NLA)?

Windows feature that categorizes network profiles as public or private

What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

Secure tunnel created between two endpoints connected via an unsecure network

What is a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)?

Network covering a large area using wireless technologies

What is a proxy server?

Server that mediates communications between a client and another server

What types of cabling and connector types are used in some corporate network installations?

Fiber optic cabling and connector types

What Ethernet settings must the adapter and switch use?

The same Ethernet settings

How are the Ethernet settings usually set?

To autonegotiate, and a link is established when the cable is plugged in

How can you locate and configure Ethernet settings manually in Windows?

In Device Manager > properties > Advanced tab

How can you access adapter options in Windows?

Via the status page in Network & Internet settings

How can you establish a wireless network connection?

Select the status icon in the notification area and choose from the list of displayed networks

What indicates whether a wireless network uses encryption?

The lock icon

What does the 'Connect automatically' option do for a wireless network?

Automatically connects to the network without prompting when it is in range

What should you do if SSID broadcast is suppressed?

Input WLAN settings manually in network & internet settings

How can you configure Wi-Fi properties for a wireless adapter?

Via Device Manager

What is the most important setting on a wireless card?

Support for the 802.11 standard supported by an access point

What does it mean if a wireless card supports 802.11n?

It can also connect to 802.11g and 802.11b networks

What parameters can be adjusted to address connection issues on a wireless card?

Roaming aggressiveness and transmit power

What is required for a logical adapter to connect to a network?

A valid client network configuration

What must each adapter be configured with?

Client software and an appropriate IP address and subnet mask

What is the purpose of a subnet mask in IPv4?

Distinguishes logical network and host portions within the IP address.

How long is an IPv6 address?

128 bits.

What is the length of the interface address portion in an IPv6 address?

64 bits.

What are network prefixes used for in IPv6?

Identify logical networks within the first 64 bits.

What is the requirement for hosts on the same local network?

They must use addresses from the same range.

How can hosts with addresses in different ranges be contacted?

By forwarding the packet via a router.

What must each host be configured with?

The IP address of a local router.

What is the IP address of the local router known as?

The default gateway.

What is the first available value assigned to the router interface?

The first available host address.

What is the first available host address if the IP address scheme is 192.168.1.0/24?

192.168.1.1.

What is the purpose of Domain Name System (DNS) servers?

To help resolve requests for name resources to IP addresses.

How is DNS configured on a home network?

The router is usually configured to forward DNS queries.

What are the gateway and primary DNS server parameters usually set to on client PCs?

The same value.

What can a host be configured with to identify its fully qualified domain name (FQDN) on the local network?

A domain suffix.

What are the two ways IP values can be assigned?

Statically or dynamically.

What service is used for automatic IP address assignment?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

How is the IP configuration for each adapter set in Windows?

Using the GUI Properties dialog accessed via Network & Internet settings or the Network Connections applet (ncpa.cpl).

What software is installed for Windows client configuration?

Client for Microsoft Networks and File and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks.

What versions of IP are installed by default in Windows?

Both IP version 4 and IP version 6.

What does a network adapter automatically do?

Uses the appropriate version of the protocol.

What does Link-layer Topology Discovery provide?

Network mapping and discovery functions for networks without dedicated name servers.

What does the IP properties default to?

Obtain an IP address automatically, using a DHCP server.

How can you configure a static address?

Double-click the IP properties item.

How can you change the IP configuration?

Via the settings app.

What governs network connections?

Local OS firewall settings imposed by Windows Defender Firewall.

What does Network Location Awareness prompt you to do?

Set the network profile type when connecting to a new network.

What happens when the network profile type is set to Private?

The PC is discoverable and may be used for folder or printer sharing.

When is it advisable to set the network profile type to Private?

When connecting to a trusted network.

What happens when the network profile type is set to Public?

Windows Firewall is configured to block all access and make you undiscoverable.

What is the purpose of the Domain profile?

To configure the firewall policy via Group Policy when the computer joins a domain.

How can you change the location defined for a network?

Using the Network & Internet settings.

What happens when network discovery is enabled?

Other computers and devices can be accessed with the Network object in File Explorer.

What syntax is used to address network hosts and resources?

Universal name convention (UNC) syntax.

What is the UNC network path syntax?

\Host\Path, where Host is the hostname, FQDN, or IP address of the server, and Path is a shared folder or file path.

Where can you turn the firewall on and off and access configuration apps?

In Firewall and network protection in the Windows Defender Security Center.