Civil War Events (copy)

Unit 3 - US History Dr. Lysenko Created by Noa You're welcome :)

Underground Railroad

• Ways of escaping slavery around the end of the Civil War 

• Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman

• She went back many times and rescued 300 people in 19 trips. 

• She helped use the underground railroad

Nat Turner’s rebellion

Deadliest slave revolt in American History Virginia

Mexican-American War

• Tension over the annexation of texas-> war with mexico, territorial gains for us

• Congress declared war

• Mexico had poor leadership and the US won

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo -> mexico ceded california and new mexico to the US

• Gosden purchase- US bought more land from mexico, established the current southern border of the US

Compromise of 1860

• temporarily diffused tension between slave and free states- how to handle slavery in new land from mexico

• California became a free state

• Strengthened fugitive slave laws- you could force runaway slaves to come back to their owner even if they bought their citizenship in the north 

• Banned international slave trade in dc

Uncle Tom’s cabin

• Book spread ab immoral slavery and poor slave treatment

• Made Abolition Movement GROW 

• Many women read it

Kansas-Nebraska act

Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska Established popular sovereignty Led to Bleeding Kansas

Missouri Compromise

• Added Missouri as Slave state

• Added Maine as a Non-Slave state

• To keep balance between slave and free states

Bleeding Kansas

• RUSH of pro-slavery, abolitionists, & ppl who wanted it to be a free state

  • Resulted in violence outbreaks over slavery

• Ended when Kansas entered the union as a FREE state

Caning of Sumner

• Preston brooks, (S. Carolina Senator) attacked Charles Sumner (Mass. Sen.) with a CANE on congress floor

• South supported brooks- ppl sent Brooks more canes

  • Showed divided house & violence over beliefs

Dred Scott v. Sandford

• Dred Scott (slave) and his owner moved from Missouri to Illinois (IL free state), they moved back to Missouri where Owner died

• Filed Supreme Court case in Missouri to become free

• Denied freedom because “black people weren’t citizen therefore didn’t have any rights”

  • Racist Supreme Court → angered abolitionists

Fredrick Douglas

• Famous abolitionist

• Escaped slavery at 20

• Advocated with Lincoln for Slave Emancipation (free all slaves) & powerful ppl to improve treatment of Black soldiers (paid less than white soldiers)

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

Illinois senatorial campaign debates ab Slavery 1858 Lincoln: Against extending slavery Douglass: Popular sovereignty (lowkey pro slavery if voted yes) Douglass won Illinois senate seat

John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry

• John Brown & his 5 sons stormed Harpers Ferry, Virginia weaponry and planned to arm Slaves for a revolt

  • No slaves joined him 

• The Government sent troops to stop the rebellion. 

• John Brown was arrested and death sentenced. 

• The South got scared and started small militias while the North condemned the violence but supported the cause against slavery

Election of 1860

Douglass: Popular sovereignty Breckinridge: Extend slavery ew icky Bell: Supported compromise Lincoln: Against expanding slavery Lincoln WON the electoral vote, lost the popular vote Exposed Sectional divisions

Secession

South Carolina seceded 1st December 20, 1860 right after Lincoln won 1860 election bc Lincoln didn’t represent their Pro-Slavery beliefs Many southern states followed & left the union → created Confederacy govt, elected their own leaders Confederate president: Jefferson Davis Confed. Constitution almost identical, tho Confederates protested US Gov & Union

Progression of Lincoln’s views on slavery

First: against extending slavery in new land (keep slavery in south states) Later (after secured 2nd term reelection): Abolish Slavery & issued the Emancipation Proclamation

“King Cotton” economy & society

South grow/pick A LOT of cotton then send it to North (manufacture & export fabric) .  South Economy: Agriculture (farming hella amount of Cotton), made most of from selling Cotton South Society: 99% white ppl Pro-Slavery, Slavery integrated into Politics, big Cotton fueled Economy, Social Structure: White supremacy & poor slaves w/no rights

Fort Sumter 

South started BEGINNING of Civil War If North Wins: Slavery goes away If South Win: Separate nation, keep Slavery

North vs. South (advantages)

North advantages-

• Bigger population

• More industry/workers

• More wealth

• Transportation 

• Sturdier gov’t

South advantages-

• Defensive war

• Home field

• Big Support of locals

• More committed/more to lose (slavery)

• Better generals

North vs. South (disadvantages)

North disadvantages- 

• In hostile territory

• Divided opinion

• Bad military leaders

South disadvantages-

• Little industry (only farming while North had multiple good industries)

• Little transportation

• Weak gov’t

Anaconda Plan

Plan to deprive the south of its food & money Blockade around the Confederate ports Take control of the Mississippi river to cut the Confederacy in half

Battle of Antietam

• Union Gen. Mcclellan didn’t send reinforcements to Burnside in Antietam battle bc he didn’t want more soldiers to die

  • → Union lost battle badly

• Lincoln upset at Mcclellan bc he could’ve won the war if he sent reinforcements 

• Pushed Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

• “All slaves living in Confederate territories would be free forever”

  • caused Many Free Slaves joined Union army

  • “Higher Object” - gave war higher moral cause against slavery

  • made sure Confed. didn’t have Foreign or Domestic (slave) support

  • Only freed slaves in border states, not deep south states

Black soldiers & Massachusetts 54th

Highly honored for bravery of Black soldiers in 54th regiment Black troops $10/month vs. $13 white troops. So, 54th Regiment fought for 18 months without pay ☹ → Frederick Douglass talk to Lincoln ab equal treatment of Black troops

Women’s role in the Civil War

North- Occupied many jobs vacated by men Nursing Expanded their participation in the public sphere South-  Some nurses, teachers, etc Mostly ran farms High casualties-> gender imbalance after war

Draft Riots

Congress mandated military service → poor irish immigrants enraged & rioted: fires, destroyed draft office They did not want to fight a war: felt the War didn’t have to do with them and they were worried that freed slaves would steal their jobs (Racist poor immigrants who blamed Black ppl for the War) Rioters targeted Black Civilians: mob lit Colored Orphanage lit on fire and beat up & hung Black Civilians in streets “Rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight” since rich could pay $300 to find substitute (usually POOR subs who needed the money) to replace them

Total War

War is waged on battlefield AND against civilians (Sherman’s march to Sea + Drafts)

“King Cotton diplomacy”

Cotton BOOM → Cotton Pro-Slavery Politicians in Southern Gov’t 99% politicians PRO-Slavery backed by wealthy Cotton plantation slave owners made laws taking away Slave rights (can’t teach slaves to read/write)

Battle of Gettysburg, Pennslyvania

• Deadliest battle of the civil war (most casualties)

• July 1-3 1863

• Ended Confederacy’s last full-scale invasion of North

• Boasted Union morale (Union WON Gettysburg Battle)

Stonewall Jackson

Confederate Leader & Strategist Marched his 17,000 troops over long distances Defeated stronger Union forces in many battles

Ulysses S. Grant

Commanding General, led the Union to victory

Robert E. Lee

Strategic Commanding General who led Confederate Army

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Sherman led 60,000 soldiers in the Union on a 285 mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia

• Union soldiers destroyed everything in their path: lit houses on fire, ate all ppl’s crop, killed their farm animals, destruction

• Waged war against confederates and CIVILIANS (Total War)

• Demoralized southern ppl

• made the South’s Economy go down WOMP WOMP lol

Appomattox Courthouse

Grant’s Union army entirely surrounded the remaining Lee’s Confederate army Union outnumbered Confederates 5 to 1 Confederate final attempt: April 9th Palm Sunday  Lee sent letter to Grant saying Lee would surrender Confed. Army UNION WON WAR