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18 Terms
1
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What are the positive impacts?
Increased stability
Increased equality
Reduced conflict
Pure relationships
Increased equality
Reduced conflict
Pure relationships
2
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What are the negative impacts?
Financial strain
Social isolation
Emotional strain
Negotiated families
Social isolation
Emotional strain
Negotiated families
3
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Increased stability
Functionalists
Formation NF increases stability
E.g. young & old support
**Harper**
‘Many spend old age as kids of parents who themselves are alive’
Increases relationship ties
Grandparents key role - retirement
**Allan & Crow**
NF presented as ‘normal’ & ‘solution”
Dual income - lower WD
Formation NF increases stability
E.g. young & old support
**Harper**
‘Many spend old age as kids of parents who themselves are alive’
Increases relationship ties
Grandparents key role - retirement
**Allan & Crow**
NF presented as ‘normal’ & ‘solution”
Dual income - lower WD
4
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Who criticises increased stability?
Financial strain
5
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Financial strain
New Right
Family diversity - £ pressure
^ poverty in different FT - decrease in number of working adults
WD - underclass - **Murray**
**McLanahan & Sandefur**
SPF main cause of low wellbeing (44% relative poverty)
**Allan & Crow**
Increase reconstituted increases FS
Step parents - 2 responsibilities
Sociological Review = 1/3 remortgage home to support adult kids
Boomerang kids - low income occupation
£ burden on middle generation kids
Family diversity - £ pressure
^ poverty in different FT - decrease in number of working adults
WD - underclass - **Murray**
**McLanahan & Sandefur**
SPF main cause of low wellbeing (44% relative poverty)
**Allan & Crow**
Increase reconstituted increases FS
Step parents - 2 responsibilities
Sociological Review = 1/3 remortgage home to support adult kids
Boomerang kids - low income occupation
£ burden on middle generation kids
6
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Who criticises financial strain?
Increased stability
7
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Increased equality
Liberal: decrease NF = more freedom
Not tied to house wife role
**DWP:**
increase in alpha female
**Dunne**
Divisions of labour in NF - ‘gender scripts’
Lesbians have symmetry in role & negotiate them equally
**Feminism:**
SPF = increased equality - no dual burden
Not tied to house wife role
**DWP:**
increase in alpha female
**Dunne**
Divisions of labour in NF - ‘gender scripts’
Lesbians have symmetry in role & negotiate them equally
**Feminism:**
SPF = increased equality - no dual burden
8
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Who criticises increased equality?
Social isolation
9
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Social isolation
New Right
Decrease NF = social isolation (A&K)
**Harper**
Last century - less kids - less siblings
Less social network of sib & cousins
LAT & SPF - lack emotional support (no other adult)
**ONS**
1\.7 million widowed women live alone
Increases SI & loneliness
Decrease NF = social isolation (A&K)
**Harper**
Last century - less kids - less siblings
Less social network of sib & cousins
LAT & SPF - lack emotional support (no other adult)
**ONS**
1\.7 million widowed women live alone
Increases SI & loneliness
10
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Who criticises social isolation?
Increased equality
11
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Reduced conflict
Radical Feminists
Decrease NF = low conflict & oppression
Advocate separatism
**Greer**
All female fam/matrifocal better than NF
Men root of oppression - ‘SWE’
Reduces conflict & less likely to witness opp
**Cashmore**
SPF more stable - quality>quantity
1 stable better than conflict NF
Decrease NF = low conflict & oppression
Advocate separatism
**Greer**
All female fam/matrifocal better than NF
Men root of oppression - ‘SWE’
Reduces conflict & less likely to witness opp
**Cashmore**
SPF more stable - quality>quantity
1 stable better than conflict NF
12
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Who criticises reduced conflict?
Emotional strain
13
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Emotional strain
Marxist Feminists
Increase in multi-gen = ^ burden of work for women
After retirement responsibility of elderly care is on the extended
Reduced WD benefits cap but not females
> to take on triple shift
**Care UK:**
Responsibility for old&young = ES fam life
Impact middle gen - health decreased & relationships suffered
Women 4x > take on burden of care as well as domestic labour
Increase in multi-gen = ^ burden of work for women
After retirement responsibility of elderly care is on the extended
Reduced WD benefits cap but not females
> to take on triple shift
**Care UK:**
Responsibility for old&young = ES fam life
Impact middle gen - health decreased & relationships suffered
Women 4x > take on burden of care as well as domestic labour
14
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Who criticises emotional strain?
Reduced conflict
15
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Pure relationships
Postmodernists
Relationships in increased family types = more compassionate
More time on social & emotional lives together
**Giddens:**
Have ‘pure relationships’
Stay together as satisfied rather than for necessity
Confluent love
Relationships in increased family types = more compassionate
More time on social & emotional lives together
**Giddens:**
Have ‘pure relationships’
Stay together as satisfied rather than for necessity
Confluent love
16
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Who criticises pure relationships?
Negotiated families
17
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Negotiated families
Postmodernists
Live in ‘risk society‘
Tradition influence decreased
People have more choice - more aware of risks & rewards of relationships
**Beck:**
Families negotiated
Leave if not satisfied
More relationship breakdowns = more unhappiness
Live in ‘risk society‘
Tradition influence decreased
People have more choice - more aware of risks & rewards of relationships
**Beck:**
Families negotiated
Leave if not satisfied
More relationship breakdowns = more unhappiness
18
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Who criticises negotiated families?
Pure relationships
Note 
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