GENETIC ENGINEERING

genetic engineering

process of modifying an organisms genome by introducing the gene of another organism for a desired characteristic

Process of genetic engineering

enzymes are used to isolate the required gene

this gene is inserted into a vector - virus or bacterial plasmid -

when the vector is inserted into the target organism , the useful gene is inserted into its cells

when is genetic engineering normally carried out

when the organism receiving the gene is at an early stage of development e.g egg or embryo so the organism develops with desired characteristics

what types of things can be GM

animal

plants

micro organisms

how have plant crops been genetically engineered

be resistant to diseases

to produce bigger better fruits.

how have bacterial cells been genetically engineered

to produce useful substances such as human insulin to treat diabetes

how have sheep been genetically engineered

Produce substances, like drugs, in their milk that can be used to treat human diseases