Western Civ Final

Complete flashcards - Final on the 19th

What event caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany?

Germany invaded Poland (1939)

What was blitzkrieg and when was it used?

A fast, surprise attack used by Germany at the start of World War II

When did the attack on Peral Harbor occur?

December 7, 1941

What phrase described Peral Harbor?

“A date which will live in infamy”

What battle was the turning point in the Pacific War?

Battle of Midway (1942)

When and where were atomic bombs dropped?

1945 - Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What was Kristallnacht and when did it happen?

Nazi attacks on Jewish home and synagogues in 1938

What was the Final Solution and when was it carried out?

Nazi plan for genocide during World War II

What was D-Day and when did it occur?

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

What was rationing during WWII?

Limiting consumer goods during World War II

When did Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact?

1939

What event started World War I?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914

What was militarism before WWI?

Policy of building strong armies before 1914

What was the Balkan Peninsula know as before WWI?

The Powder Keg of Europe

What was the Schlieffen Plan and when was it created?

Germany’s plan before WWI to defeat France, then Russia

Who were the Central Powers during WWI?

Germany and allies located in central Europe

What was unrestricted submarine warfare and when was it used?

Germany sinking ships without warning during WWI

What was total war and when was it used?

All resources devoted to war during WWI

What battle caused Germany to fight a two-front war?

First Battle of the Marne in 1914

When was the Armistice signed?

November 11, 1918

What were the Fourteen Points and when were they proposed?

Wilson’s peace plan in 1918

What treaty ended WWI and when?

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

What was the Zimmermann Note and when?

German note in 1917 asking Mexico to attack the United States

When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England in the 1700s (18th century)

What were the factors of production during industrialization?

Land, labor, and capital

What happened to cities during the Industrial Revolution?

Population grew faster than housing in the 1800s

Did industrialization improve living conditions at first?

No, conditions worsened in early industrial cities

What were labor unions and when did they form?

Worker groups formed during the Industrial Revolution

What percentage of France belonged to the Third Estate before 1789?

About 98%

When did the French Revolution begin?

1789

What happened on Bastille Day and when?

Mob stormed a prison on July 14, 1789

When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man written?

1789

When was the Reign of Terror?

1793–1794

Who was forced from power in 1794?

Robespierre

When did Napoleon rule France?

1799–1815

What reforms did Napoleon make during peacetime?

Public schools, laws, fair taxes during early 1800s

What was the Continental System and when?

Napoleon’s trade blockade against Britain in early 1800s

What battle stopped Napoleon from invading Britain and when?

Battle of Trafalgar (1805)

When was the Congress of Vienna held?

1814–1815

What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?

Balance of power after Napoleon’s defeat

Who was the most influential leader there?

Klemens Von Metternich

When was the Scientific Revolution?

1500s–1600s

Who proposed the heliocentric theory and when?

Copernicus in 1543

Who explained gravity and when?

Isaac Newton in 1687

When was the Enlightenment?

1700s

What did Enlightenment thinkers believe?

Progress, science, and reason in the 1700s

When did European exploration increase?

1400s–1600s

Who conquered the Aztecs and when?

Cortés in 1519–1521

What treaty divided new lands in 1494?

Treaty of Tordesillas

What was the most valuable trade good from Asia in the 1400s?

Spices

What system provided labor in Spanish colonies?

Encomienda system during the 1500s

When did the Renaissance occur?

1300s–1600s

Where did the Renaissance begin?

Italy

What was the first book printed and when?

The Bible in the 1450s

When did the Protestant Reformation begin?

1517

Why did Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

Wanted a male heir in the 1530s

What was Japan’s closed country policy and when?

Limiting foreign influence during the 1600s

When did European imperialism peak?

1800s

When was the Berlin Conference held?

1884–1885

Why was India called the Jewel in the Crown?

It was Britain’s most valuable colony in the 1800s

Who was the last monarch of Hawaii and when?

Queen Liliuokalani in 1893