Appendicular Part 1 (Upper Limb)

Coracobrachialis

origin: coracoid process of scapula.
insertion: medial shaft of humerus.
action: flexion of arm and shoulder adduction.

*Brachialis

origin: distal half of the humerus.

insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna.

action: prime mover of elbow flexion

*Biceps Brachii

long head origin: superior margin of the scapula’s glenoid cavity.

short head origin: coracoid process of the scapula.

insertion: tuberosity of the radius and the fascia of the forearm.

action: synergist of elbow flexion; rapid or forceful supination of forearm; the tendon of the long head helps support the glenohumeral joint.

*Triceps Brachii

long head origin: inferior margin of the scapula’s glenoid cavity.

lateral head origin: posterior proximal surface of the humerus.

short head origin: posterior distal surface of the humerus.

insertion: olecranon of the ulna and fascia the forearm.

action: extension of the elbow. the long head does adduction and extension of the humerus.

Brachioradialis

action: flexion of elbow

Anconeus on

the forearm

action: helps extend the elbow.

*Supraspinatus

origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula.
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus.
action: aids deltoid in abduction of arm; supports humeral head when carrying weight.

*Infraspinatus

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula.
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus.
action: modulates action of deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward, rotates humerus laterally.

*Teres Minor

origin: lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of scapula.
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus and posterior surface of joint capsule.
action: modulates action of deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted, rotates humerus laterally.

*Subscapularis

origin: subscapular fossa of scapula.
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus and anterior surface of joint capsule.
action: modulates action of deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward when arm is abducted, and rotates humerus medially.

*Deltoid

origin: acromion and spine of scapula; lateral portion of clavicle.
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
action: anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; lateral fibers abduct arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the arm.

Teres Major

action: extends the arm and medially rotates the humerus.

Flexor Carpi Radialis

action: flexes wrist anteriorly

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

action: flexes wrist anteriorly.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

action: flexion of wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints.

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

action: flexion of wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints.

Pronator Teres

action: pronation of the forearm (rotates forearm from palm up to palm down)

Palmaris Longus

action: anchors skin and fascia of palmar region (weakly developed and sometimes absent)

Pronator Quadratus

action: prime mover of forearm pronation; resists separation of radius and ulna when force is applied to forearm through wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

action: extension of wrist and aids in radial flexion of wrist.

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

action: extends wrist

Extensor Digitorum

action: extension of wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints.

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

action: extension of wrist; fixes wrist when fist is clenched or hand grips.

Flexor Pollicis Longus

action: flexion of the phalanges of the pollex.

abductor pollicis longus

action: abduction of pollex in frontal (palmar plane); extension of the pollex at carpometacarpal joint.

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

action: extends metacarpal I and proximal phalanx of pollex.

Extensor Pollicis Longus

action: extends distal phalanx I. aids in extending proximal phalanx I and metacarpal I.

Supinator

action: supinates the forearm.

what muscles make up the upper brachium/limb?

coracobrachialis
brachialis
biceps brachii
triceps brachii

what muscles flex the elbow joint?

brachialis (prime mover), biceps brachii (synergist), brachioradialis (synergist)

what muscles extend the elbow joint?

triceps brachii (prime mover), anconeus of the forearm (synergist)

what muscles make up the shoulder?

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
deltoid
teres major

what muscles make up the rotator cuff?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

what muscles make up the superficial anterior antebrachium?

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis

what muscles make up the anterior wrist flexors?

flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus

what are the proximal flexors?

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

what muscles make up the distal flexors?

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

what muscles make up the antebrachium posterior (lateral group)?

• Brachioradialis

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

• Extensor Digitorum

• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 

• Supinator 

• Anconeus

what muscles make up the extensors of the wrist?

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor carpi ulnaris

what muscles make up the antebrachium anterior (deep)?

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

what muscles do pronation?

pronator teres
pronator quadratus

what muscles are part of the antebrachium posterior (radial group)?

• Abductor Pollicis Longus 

• Extensor Pollicis Longus 

• Extensor Pollicis Brevis

muscles of the pollex

flexor pollicis longus
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus