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Jamestown

the first permanent settlement in the colonies in 1607, founded by joint stock company

Proclamation Act

the British policy that prohibited colonists from settling on lands west of the Applachian Mountains

Saratoga

the first major victory for the Americans during the Revolutionary War

3/5ths Compromise

the plan that settled the dispute about counting slaves as part of the state population

France

the country that Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from

end slavery

goal of the abolishment movement

Monroe Doctrine

US policy that declared the American Continents no longer open

Abraham Lincoln

president of the US when the Southern States seceded from the Union

triangular trade

• trade w/ colonies and Caribbian, England, Africa

• profit for mechants, build factories in colonies

Magna Carta

• limited the power of the English monarch

• protected the right of people to own private property and guaranteed right to trial by jury

Petition of Rights

a petition to protect citizens of England against monarchy and establish rights of citizens

English Bill of Rights

a written list of freedoms that the gov promised to protect, 1688

John Locke

natural rights from god, not monarchs

Montesquieu

seperation of powers

Jacques Rosseau

direct democracy

Proclamation of 1763

stop colonists from settling west in App. Mts

Sugar Act

tax on sugar, molasses, and other products imported into American colonies

Quartering Act

required that Americans would house and provide for British soldiers

Stamp Act

directly taxed colonists for purchase of all paper goods

Declatory Act

asserted that Parliament could make laws binding the colonies and how Britain had right to tax its subjects, passed after repealing hated Stamp Act

Townshend Act

imposed customs fees on imported goods to British North America

• God: escaping religious persecution

• Glory: wants fame

• Gold: wants vital sources of raw materials and markets for themself, land own

reasons for exploration

15th Amendment

allowed African Americans the right to vote

13th Amendment

made slavery illegal

Thomas Jefferson

president during Louisiana Purchase

• diseases

• military conflicts

main reasons for Native American deaths

Mayflower Compact

framework for self government in Plymouth, established by puritans/pilgrims

Plymouth

second settlement established in 1620, founded by puritans/pilgrims

• Asia was source of perfumes, spices, fine silks, jewels,

• trade routes to avoid marked up prices

European motives for exploring Western Hemisphere

• NAs introduced new farming methods and foods

• Europeans introduced new foods, fire arms, better metal working, ship building methods, and disease

what Europeans and NAs introduced to each other

House of Burgesses

the first legal system created in Jamestown

Holy Experiment

• led by William Penn

• offered religious toleration

• mix of both protestant and catholic families

• fighting on home turf

• fighting on multiple fronts

• financial and military support abroad

• patriotic spirit

American advantages to the revolution

Northern Campaign

• series of losses hurting American spirit

• battle of Saratoga first turning point in war (improved morale, prove to others that America could win)

Articles of Confederation

• first gov established post revolution

• no separate branches of gov, congress had limited powers: colonists did not want tyrannical gov

Northwest Ordinance

plan for selling and governing new lands west of Mississippi

• no power to tax

• no national executive

• unequal vote representation

• no judicial/national court

extra (general weakness in nation)

• shay’s rebellion (recession hit farmers hard, led to farmers openly revolting against banks taking farms)

weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention

• 1st compromise was structure of gov

• 2nd compromise was slavery (3/5 compromise)

delegates meet to resolve issues in Article of Confederation

minutemen

well trained soldiers, would be the first ones to stop the British

carpet baggers

northerners travelling to South

scallywags

• white Southerners who worked w/ Reps + support Reconstruction

• weak, underfed, worthless animals

• fed + clothed war refugees

• helped AAs find jobs + negotiate labor contracts

Freedmen’s Bureau

• stock ticker

• electric pen

• hand-cranked photograph

• practical lamp

• central power station

• motor-driven phonograph

• motion pictures w/ kinetoscope

• alkaline storage battery

inventions of Thomas Edison

controls one stage of production

horizontal integration

controls all production stages

vertical integration

• spread of factories, steel mills, railroads, jobs

• allowed US to become industrial leader worldwide

• owners were philantropists

pros of business

• small businesses out of competition

• consumers concerned about high prices

• big businesses unfair advantage

cons of business

• monitor shipping + railroad rates

• only regulate tranins crossing state lines

• (ineffective…)

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

• enabled Congress to regulate trade of state + end monopolistic practices

• outlawed trusts (business structure w/ no owner(s))

• law seldom enforced, courts sided w/ business owners

Sherman Antitrust Act

negotiating as a group w/ employer

collective bargaining

• poorly lit

• badly ventilated

• lost hearing from noisy machines

• common accidents

dangerous working conditions

• Haymarket riot turned public opinion against labor unions, associated unions w/ violence + radicalism

• federal government didn’t recognize union as legally protected groups

• allowed company use of strikebreakers + private police forces

why labor union protests were unsuccessful

• famine

• war

• persecution

push factors for immigration

• economic opportunity

• religious freedom

• land

• employment

pull factors