Homologous Recombination and Transcription Overview

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to homologous recombination and transcription.

Homologous Recombination

The exchange of genetic information between two homologous DNA molecules, involving processes such as crossing over and gene conversion.

Holliday Junction

A structure that forms during homologous recombination when an invading strand connects with a broken end of a DNA molecule.

Branch Migration

The process during homologous recombination where two nucleotide strands exchange positions, producing two duplex molecules.

Crossover Recombinants

Products of homologous recombination resulting from cleavage in the vertical plane, consisting of two heteroduplex molecules.

Noncrossover Recombinants

Products of homologous recombination resulting from cleavage in the horizontal plane, leading to two heteroduplex molecules.

Gene Conversion

A process that occurs through repair of mismatched bases in heteroduplex DNA, potentially leading to an increase in the frequency of a specific allele.

RNA

A nucleic acid composed of ribonucleotides, differing from DNA in structure, function, and types (e.g., mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).

Promoter

A region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene, containing specific sequences recognized by RNA polymerase.

RNA Polymerase II

The form of RNA polymerase responsible for synthesizing pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells.

Sigma Factor

A protein needed for the initiation of transcription in prokaryotes, assisting RNA polymerase in binding to the promoter.