IWU World Civ Exam 2 Dr. Young

House of Sassan

The family that rules the Persian empire after its fall

Ardashir I

First leader of the Sassanians

Gundeshapur Academy

the world's greatest intellectual center in Persia

Hephthalites (white Huns)

- cultural and religious diversity

- they adopt the Bactrian language

- fall of the empire/ they rule for about a century

The Dao

The way

- deference to authority

- the golden rule

- decorum/manners

Han rule

expansion of the bureaucracy

Simicizing

the integration of conquered peoples. forcing them to become Chinese.

Han collapse

220 AD

Grand Canal

connects the two largest rivers in China with a system of canals.

Justinian

most important ruler since Alexander the great

Hagia Sophia (holy wisdom)

the biggest church in the ancient world

Justinian law code

Justinian's most important contribution to government.

Justinian's wife

Theodora

Clovis 1

first great leader of the Franks, converted to Christianity, ended Arianism in Europe.

Wife of Clovis

Clotilde, converted him to the Nicene faith

King Alboin

Lombard, Italy evil. focuses on defence

Rosamund the betrayer

The wife of Alboin leads the revolution because he kills her family in front of her.

Bedouins

small groups of nomadic people in the deserts of Arabia

Emperor of the Byzantines

Maurice, the last in Justinian's line to rule

Kosorou II

Emporer of the Persians who flees Persia and hides in Constantinople

Phocas

Byzantine Emperor who captured Constantinople and overthrew Maurice. killing his entire family in front of him

Islam

submission

Muslim

one who submits

Ka' bah

A shrine in Mecca, and one of the holiest places according to the Islamic faith

Qur'an

Written in Arabic only (prophet's revelations)

Haj

pilgrimage

Muhammed dies in...

632

Hadith

Sayings of Muhammad

Sunna

second-hand list of expectations written by teachers

Rashidun

The Rightly Guided Caliphs; the first four Caliphs; Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali

Abu Bakr (632 -634)

- first caliph after the death of Muhammad.

- M's best friend and first convert to Islam.

- they begin to attack Persia and Byzantium

Umar (634-644)

- second calif after the death of M

- Persia and Byzantium FALL

- the first ruler of the "Arabian Empire"

- was assassinated

Uthman (644-656)

- third calif after the death of M

- first elite class to convert. the Umayyad clan

- first Islamic ruler to issue his own coin

- economic instability because of rapid expansion

- Murdered in Medina

Ali 656 -661 (Muhammad's son-in-law)

- fourth and final Rashid calif

- tries to make peace with Muawiya

- killed by the Kharijites

Fitna

trial, struggle, affliction

the Umayyad Califate moves the capital to...

Damascus

Berbers

good soldiers that converted to Islam (not Arabs)

Abbasids

rivals to the Umayyad, given control over Persia

Abbasid Takeover

750

Dhimmi

protected people

During the Abbasid dynasty, what was the capital changed to?

Baghdad

House of Wisdom in Baghdad

in 830s, the Abbasids opened this renowned center of learning to meet the demand for knowledge.

Sunni Imams

pastors, not blood of M or divine

Shia Imams

blood of M, and semi-divine

Nubia

A Christian kingdom that is able to defend itself from the Islamic military attacks

Arab exceptionalism

the belief that only Arabs could rule the Islamic empire

Abd al-Rahman I

Umayyad prince who established the Emirate of Cordoba

Fatima

Daughter of Muhammad and wife of Ali. Muslims worship her as semi-divine