AP CSP Unit 5 Vocab

Bias

Systematic error or preference in data or algorithms that leads to unfair or skewed results

Classifying Data

Organizing data into categories or groups based on shared characteristics

Cleaning Data

Fixing or removing incorrect, incomplete, or duplicate data to improve accuracy

Filtering data

Selecting only the data that meets certain criteria while removing the rest

Patterns in Data

Trends, repetitions, or relationships found within data

Scalability

Ability of a system to handle increased work by adding resources

Internet

A global network that connects millions of computes and devices worldwide

Computer System

Combination of hardware and software that processes data

Computer Network

Group of connected computers that share data and resources

computing device

Any device that can process data such as a computer phone or tablet

Bandwidth

Maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given time

Distributed computing system

System where multiple computers work together to solve a problem

Fault tolerance

Ability of a system to continue working even when parts fail

IP address

A unique numerical label that identifies a device on a network

TCP (transmission control protocol)

Protocol that ensures data is sent accurately and in order across networks

Packets

Small pieces of data sent over a network

Parallel computing system

System that performs many calculations at the same time

Protocol

Rules that determine how data is transmitted over a network

Redundancy

Having extra components or copies to prevent system failure

Router

A device that directs data between networks

Sequential computing system

System that processes tasks one step at a time

World Wide Web

Collection of web pages accessed through the internet

Encryption

The process of converting data into a secure format to prevent unauthorized access

Decryption

The process of converting encrypted data back into readable form

Certificate authority

Trusted organization that verifies website identities and issues security certificates

Public key encryption

Method of encryption using two keys: one public and one private

Multifactor authentication

A security method requiring more than one form of verification

Authentication

The process of verifying a user’s identity

Asymmetric ciphers

Encryption systems that use two different keys (public and private)

Symmetric key encryption

Encryption that uses the same key for both encryption and decryption

Crowdsourcing

Collections data or solutions from a large group of people, often online