Physics Concepts of Gases and Fluids

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts and problem-solving techniques related to gases, liquids, and fluid dynamics, addressing both theoretical questions and practical application scenarios.

Why are gases easier to compress than liquids and solids?

Gases have larger spaces between particles, allowing them to be compressed more easily.

How do gases and liquids differ?

Gases expand to fill their container, while liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

How is pressure related to the sharpness of a knife?

Pressure increases as the sharpness of the knife increases, making it easier to cut.

Why does a dull hypodermic needle hurt more than a sharp one?

A dull needle has a larger tip area, leading to lower pressure and greater tissue damage when inserted.

How is the outward force on an air tank balanced?

The force is balanced by the inward pressure from the surrounding atmosphere.

Which ice chunk would give a greater increase in lake water level if melted, an iceberg or a glacier?

The iceberg would give a greater increase because it displaces more water than a glacier sitting on land.

Will the same ship float higher in salt water than in freshwater?

Yes, because salt water is denser than freshwater, causing the ship to float higher.

What is the volume of 1 troy ounce of pure gold?

To find this, use the density of gold and the mass of 1 troy ounce (31.103 g) to calculate the volume.

What is the volume in liters of 34.5 kg of mercury?

Convert the mass of mercury to volume using its density.

Identify some substances that are incompressible.

Examples include liquids like water and solids such as metals.

How does placing your thumb over a garden hose affect water distance?

It increases pressure in the hose, allowing water to be squirted farther when released.

Why does a stream of water broaden as it rises in a fountain?

As the water rises, the pressure decreases, causing it to expand; surface tension does not significantly enhance this effect.

What is the average flow rate in cm3/s of gasoline to a car traveling at 100 km/h with 10.0 km/L?

Calculate flow rate based on fuel efficiency and travel speed.

Determine the speed of blood through the aorta with a pump rate of 5.0 L/min and a radius of 1.0 cm.

Use the flow rate and cross-sectional area to find speed.

Estimate time to fill a private swimming pool of 80,000 L using a garden hose at 60 L/min.

Calculate the time based on the total volume and flow rate.

How long to fill the pool using a river flowing at 5000 m3/s?

Calculate using the river's flow rate compared to the pool's volume.

Verify that pressure has units of energy per unit volume.

Pressure is defined as force per unit area, which can be related to energy based on the work done.

What will the pressure reading be at 700 km/h if the pitot tube reads 15.0 mm Hg at 200 km/h?

Use the relationship between speed and pressure to determine the new reading.