Electrolyte balance

normal serum osmolarity

275-295 mOsm/kg

tonicity

osmalrity affects tonicity which is where water would move or stay

osmotic pressure

needed to provet osmosis through a semipermeable membrane

isotonic solutions

normal salinelactated ringer solution, 5% dextrose in water

normal saline

used to expand extracellular compartmentt and treat hypovolemia, metabolic alkalosis, mild hyponatremia, hypercalcemia.

lactated ringer's solution

contains multiple electrolytes in about the same concentration as plasma, treats hypovolemia, burns, and fluid lose from GI sources

hypotonic solutions

1/2 normal saline, 2.5 dextrose in water

1/2 normal saline

basic fluid for maintenance needs, used to treat hypernatremia

hypertonic solutions

5% dextrose in normal salin, 5% dextrose in lactated ringer solutions

5% dextrose in lactated ringer solution

supplies fluid and calories to the body, replaces electrolytes, shifts fluid form intracellular to intravascular

5% dextrose in normal saline

used to treat SIADH, can temporarily treat hypovolemia,

RAAS

activates aldosterone to reabsorb more sodium

Atrial natriuretic peptide

heart; involved in osmoregulation and vasodilation, block renin secretion and action of aldosterone

hypovolemia

fluid deficit, diminished blood volume

normal sodium rate

135 TO 145/l

hyponatremia

treat with hypertonic 3% sodium chloride solution

hypernatremia

administer hypotonic solutions

potassium

3.5 to 5/l

patient care hypokalaemia

foods high in potassium, replacement therapy,

patient care for hyperkalemia

reduce intake of food high in potassium, stop pottassium sparing diuretics,

chloride

95-105 mEq/Lm, has to do with GI

Patient care for chloride

Hypo: treat underlying cause, replacement therapy,

Hyper: treat metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate, lactated ringer's solution

calcium

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

phosphorus

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

magnesium

1.5 to 2.5mg